Musicals essays

Musicals expositions Initially an interruption from the detestations of war during the 1940s and 1950s, the American Musical developed in ubiquity all through the twentieth century. The melodic joins acting, moving, and singing to frame durable pictures that are as yet prized today. The melodic requires a communitarian exertion between all components of the film, regardless of whether melodic or not. The verses, music, and move need to order with the plot, impacts, and portrayal to make a film worth viewing. Stars of the American Musical must have the option to act, sing, and regularly move, so as to get a section in a film. Musicals should consistently interest a scope of individuals, from a 5-year-old to a 85-year-old, to ensure watchers. The melodic consistently has infectious playful tunes or moderate ditties that the audience can chime in to, which gives increasingly mass intrigue. A portion of the more typical topics in melodic performance center incorporate wistfulness, the Cinderella story, authenticity, and adjustments of writing. The wistfulness subject is found in Oklahoma!, Carousel, and Showboat. The Cinderella story is spoken to by The King and I, The Sound of Music, and My Fair Lady. Authenticity can be seen in Annie Get Your Gun, The Unsinkable Molly Brown, and Newsies, which were completely founded on real occasions from an earlier time. A few musicals that depend on writing incorporate The Phantom of the Opera, Jesus Christ Superstar, Jekyll The American Musical has experienced numerous progressions since turning into a mainstream film sort. Early musicals were American adaptations of the English Operetta, for example, The Student Prince. After this, certified American Musicals were made, for example, Annie Get Your Gun and Porgy and Bess. At that point came practical musicals, for example, South Pacific and Camelot, which were musicals with topics that the vast majority could identify with on the grounds that they were increasingly authentic, or in reality evident stories. Before long, even more up to date ways to deal with the American Musical were created ... <!

Lewis Carroll Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Lewis Carroll Argumentative Essay DuPont 1JabberwockyLewis CarrollJabberwocky: Sense or NonsenseTwas brillig, and the slithy tovesDid gyre and gimble in the wabe;All mimsy were the borogoves,And the mome raths outgrabe. Be careful the Jabberwock, my sonThe jaws that nibble, the paws that catch!Beware the Jubjub winged animal, and shunThe frumious Bandersnatch!He took his vorpal blade in hand;Long time the manxome enemy he soughtSo rested he by the Tumtum tree,And stood for a little while in thought. Furthermore, as in uffish thought he stood,The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame,Came whiffling through the tulgey wood,And burbied as it came!DuPont 2One, two! One, two! Also, through and throughThe vorpal sharp edge went chuckle snack!He left it dead, and with its headHe went galumphing back. Furthermore, hast thou killed the Jabberwock?Come to my arms, my beamish boy!O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!He laughed in his euphoria. Twas brillig, and the slithy tovesDid gyre and gimble in the wabe;All mimsy were the borogoves,And the mome raths outgrabe. 1886DuPont 3ParaphraseIn endeavoring to reword this specific sonnet it must be viewed as that it got from a book composed simply of garbage. A considerable lot of the words in this sonnet are the own making of the creator and just he knows the genuine understanding. Be that as it may, a portion of the words have been portrayed in the book and others in letters by the writer. The expressions of the past sonnet are regularly a blend of two, possibly three words, all put into one, while others are simply babble and for the beguilement of the peruser. Taking everything into account, here is an endeavor at a line by line reword of the sonnet Jabberwocky. Jabberwocky: Sense or NonsenseIt was evening, and the smooth dynamic badgersWere scratching and drilling openings in the slope side;All troubled were the parrots;And the grave turtles squeaked outBeware of the Jabberwock, my son!Of its jaws that nibble, and its paws that catch!Be mindful of the Jubjub fowl, and shunThe raging and enraged Bandersnatch!He took his compelling blade in hand:For quite a while he looked for after his adversary from the Isle of Man-So he rested by the Tumtum tree,And remained there some time in thoughtDuPont 4And, as in uffish(a perspective when the voice is gruffish, the way roughish and the temper huffish idea he stoodThe Jabberwock, with fire in his eyes,Came blowing flimsily in short puffs through the tall and foggy wood,And it bleated, mumbled, and chattered as it came One, two! One, two! Also, through and throughThe forceful sharp edge was utilized in battle!He left it dead, and with its headHe went triumphantly jogging backAnd have you killed the Jab berwock?Come to my arms, my emanating son!O spectacular and euphoric day! Delightful! Great! Fair!He laughed and grunted in his bliss. It was evening, and the smooth dynamic badgersWere scratching and drilling gaps in the slope side;All despondent were the parrots;And the grave turtles squeaked outDuPont 5Blake DuPontMs. BennerWorld Lit. 2 November 2001Everyone as a kid tuned in to their folks read them pixie tells and fanciful stories. Regardless of whether the kid comprehended the story he realized he delighted in it. Alice in Wonderland is one of the most well known childrens stories. Despite the fact that half of the composing didn't bode well the peruser would at present be intrigued and engaged. To completely comprehend the works of Lewis Carroll, an individual must glance at his past, get assessments from different writers and arrive at a resolution on their own whether Carroll was a rubbish essayist or talented childrens author. To plainly comprehend Carrolls composing and structure their own sentiment, one must comprehend his past. Lewis Carroll, officially Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, was conceived at Daresbury, Cheshire, on January 27, 1832. His folks were Charles and Frances Dodgson. His dad was a minister. He was the most established of 11 kids. Every single through greetings life he wanted to compose, and take photos. He was an English mathematician and author. Taught at Rugby and Christ Church, Oxford, where he spent the remainder of his life(Blake 63). He was minister in the Church of England, as a kid he experienced various physical afflictions. As a kid, he was liable to disparage because of a stammer causing an independent bashfulness with his companions. He was likewise left-gave which was viewed as a correctable issue during the Victorian Era. Youthful Dodgson would work with different masters to address the two his stammer and his left-hand use, however the main genuine exercise he DuPont 6learned was the inclination that something was wrong' (Blake 65) . He communicated his feeling of removal with the similarity of attempting to fit a right-hand foot/into a left-hand shoe (Carroll 189) . These issues made Dodgson pull back from his friends, and, consequently, he never fully aced the craft of identifying with young men of his age. Mankind And Politics In Gullivers Travels EssayDuPont 11BibliographyBlake, Kathleen Lewis Carroll. Word reference of Literary Biography. Ed. Ira B. Nadel, William E. Fredeman. Fire up. Ed. 18 vols. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1983Carroll, Lewis. Alice in Wonderland. Norton Critical Edition. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1992. Carroll, Lewis, Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2000http://encarta.msn.com 1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights held. Connell, Kate. Opium as a Possible impact upon Alice Books 22 Mar 2000. The Victorian Web. http://landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/victov.html. Egoff, Sheila A. Universes Within: Childrens Fantasy from the Middle Ages to Today. Chicago: American Library Association, 1988. Empson, William. Alice in Wonderland: The Child as Swain. 1935. World Literature Criticism, 1500 to the Present. Ed. James P. Draper. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1992. 634-35. Sewell, Elizabeth. The Field of Nonsense London: Chatto and Windus LTD., 1952. Smith, Karen Lewis Carroll. Word reference Literary Biography. Ed. Meena Khorana. Fire up. ed. 163 vols. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Inc., 1996

A Study of Step 2 of the 12 Steps Faith

A Study of Step 2 of the 12 Steps Faith More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Many whose lives are impacted by the family disease of alcoholism find hope again once they place their faith in a power greater than themselves. This is Step 2 of the 12 Steps: Step 2 Came to believe that a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity. Many members of Alcoholics Anonymous or Al-Anon Family Groups come into the program with a strong faith in God, and with the encouragement of other members of the fellowship soon learn to apply that faith to the situations in their lives created by alcoholism. With the wisdom provided by the program, the friendship, and support of other members, the healing process begins with the help of a loving God, as they understand him. Agnostics and Atheists and Step 2 Others who are introduced to the 12-step programs are agnostics or atheists, who reject the concept of a deity. Many are turned off by even the mention of the word God and some bristle at even hints of anything spiritual. But, as it says in the book, Alcoholics Anonymous, in the chapter entitled We Agnostics, we beg you to lay aside prejudice... and give the program a chance. The 12-step programs are spiritual, not religious. There is no mention of religious beliefs, doctrine, or dogma in the meetings or in the approved literature. Members are not required to accept someone elses concept of God, only to trust that there is a power greater than themselves however they wish to describe it or understand it. It seems to be a spiritual truth, that before a higher power can begin to operate, one must first believe that it can. You have to believe it, to receive it. Millions of program members through the years, who finally came to believe have found themselves amazed to find that power at work in their lives in seemingly miraculous ways. The Faithful and Step 2 For those who are strong in their religious faith, Step 2 can also present a challenge. If you have a conviction as to the nature of God, it can be disconcerting to hear higher power being used rather than God. You may have difficulty in accepting the nature of that higher power for other members of the group. Hearing that its okay to use a doorknob for a higher power if thats how you understand it, can be hard to accept. You may even find it offensive. However, to give a 12-step program a chance, you need to restrain that reaction and not let it block using the 12-step process. Religious prejudice can get in the way. Experiences of Step 2 Members of various 12-step groups  have shared their experience, strength, and hope on each of the steps. Here are some of their stories. Carol tells of how she was raised in a family who was active in their church. When she attempted sobriety, she returned to her church. Slowly, I found that the God in my religion has a special face he shows only to drunks. And I found Him in the rooms of Alcoholics Anonymous. He is there,  waiting for us to ask for his help. Faith is the foundation of my AA life.Sox was prompted to attend a meeting by reading the This is AA pamphlet. I called one of the major clubs in my area and went to a meeting that night. But it was obvious to me that I had turned to God first, and then took Step 1. I knew that my life was insane and I knew there was a power greater than myself, but until that moment, I had always resented God for butting in where He wasnt wanted. Now I wanted Him, and sure enough, He led me to where I needed to be.Buddy, an Al-Anon member, says, At my first meeting, after reading some of the literature, I made the comment that I had a problem with the higher power references. Af ter that meeting, a long-time member came up to me and said. Im not saying to forget your religious beliefs, but just put them on hold for a while and give Al-Anon a chance. There was great wisdom what she told me. And if she had not taken the time to tell me that, I probably would have never come back and it would have been me who missed out on so much that God had in store for me. All the wisdom, help, friendship, encouragement, and spiritual growth that I have found in Al-Anon, I would have missed because of my own religious prejudices. So, my suggestion to newcomers is the same that I received: put your religious beliefs, or unbelief on hold and give the whole program a chance. Because Al-Anon is not a religious program, but a spiritual one.

Social Justice Action Project, Britnee And I Interviewed...

For the Social Justice Action Project, Britnee and I interviewed college students in the Northeast region who revealed their views on the Black Lives Matter Movement, racial injustice, and racial profiling. We had wanted to inform people of what the Black Lives Matter Movement stood for and tackle some of the myths and misconceptions of what the organization represented. In the process, the interviewees have expressed their feelings of how today’s society is blinded by irrational thinking and biased beliefs. This project have made us realize that people often blame the movement of being inconsiderate to all lives matter, relating the movement to the â€Å"armed and dangerous† Black Panthers, and the never-ending issues of police-to-black killings. We have chosen this topic for many reasons. For one, it is a topic that we both have had deep interest and compassion for. It is a discussion that is often skewed by media and not addressed enough to the public and the governm ent. Many people would sweep this issue of racial inequality under the rug and is not seen as a problem to many. Moreover, it is a constant reoccurring issue in the Black community where police brutality has become systematic. Stories such as Trayvon Martin, Tamir Rice ad Michael Brown are examples of the standards where police misconduct is minimal. Accused cops are often rarely prosecuted for their actions and their cases are often dismissed since prosecutors and juries tend to believe cops. Minorities,

The Impact Of Ray Charles On American Culture - 1164 Words

The impact that Ray Charles has had on American culture is nearly indescribable. Although unable to see, he was successful in making his artistic visions come to life by fusing the sounds of blues, gospel, jazz, and RB, making him one of the leading soul artists of the 1950s. The legendary musician is recognized for being a pillar in the industry, credited with making strides in desegregating musical genres. Although he composed many of his early hits, Charles is considered to be an interpreter of music, offering his distinct personal vision of many classics. Over the course of his career, which spanned five decades, he recorded over 60 albums and sold millions of records worldwide. Ray Charles was born on Sept. 23, 1930, in Albany, Georgia, and grew up in Greenville, Florida. At the young age of five, he began losing his sight, and became completely blind by the time he was seven. However, this did not hinder Ray Charles at all, as he continued to persevere in developing his mus ical talents. One of the most unique aspects of Ray Charles was his unparalleled ability to crossover different genres of music. He mixed together genres such as blues, jazz, gospel, RB, pop, and even country. With this integration, he created smash hits such as â€Å"I Got a Woman,† â€Å"Hit the Road Jack,† and â€Å"I Can’t Stop Loving You.† When a listener listens close enough to one of Charles’ songs, aspects of the various styles he incorporated can be heard not only through the way the lyrics areShow MoreRelatedImpact of Music on Culture Essay960 Words   |  4 Pagesfound. The 2004 motion picture Ray chronicles the life of Ray Charles. The film takes place from 1948 to 1979 and epitomizes the social impact of the music of Ray Charles. It shows how society shaped the music of Ray Charles, and additionally how Ray Charles and his music shaped society. One clear focus in the film was the importance of music to Ray Charles. The raw passion Ray Charles shows for his music adds to the musical meaning of his work. One Ray Charles song with an important musicalRead More`` Design Is For Living ``1601 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Design is for living†. The adage fashioned a widespread shift in design during the 1940s and 1950s. It revolutionized the form by creating an electrifying visual language that signaled a new age and a fresh start- two of the powerhouses were Charles and Ray Eames. The Eameses were a husband and wife team whose unique synergy led to a whole new expression in furniture and architecture. The couple advocated the principles of Modernism through the adaptation of innova ¬tion from wartime technology .TheirRead MoreAfrican American Music Culture1490 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican American Music Culture Jakiella James â€Å"African-American gospel music is a major influence in nearly all genres of modern popular music, from rhythm ‘n blues to jazz, from soul to rock ‘n roll. The musical genre is a unique expression of the black experience in America? The emotionally-charged, wailing vocals and syncopated rhythms give the music a distinctive style. The singing is accompanied not only by instrumentals, but often also by hand-clapping, foot-stomping and shoutingRead MoreImpact of Rhythm and Blues on African-American Culture Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluential genres of music within the African American Culture, and has evolved over many decades in style and sound. Emerging in the late 1940s rhythm and blues, sometimes called jump blues, became dominant black popular music during and after WWII. Rhythm and blues artists often sung about love, relationships, life troubles, and sometimes focused on segregation and race struggles. Rhythm and blues helped embody what was unique about black American culture and validate it as something distinctive andRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pages What it Means to be Black In 2016, society is at a place where people are able to discover tons of information at the touch of a finger; this indeed can impact on how we view common things in society, such as identity. This statement holds true for â€Å"blacks† or African Americans as well. The stigma that comes with being black has been around for centuries; however, many blacks are using social media to combat negativity. In an era predicated on the use of the internet, black people have proven toRead MoreShould Television Programs Be Banned?1743 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as Malaysian Idol based off of American Idol. (Halim, 2004) Eventually, the Malaysian government began taking a stand. They began banning certain films and programs from being aired, such as American film, Bruce Almighty. The Malaysian government banned this movie because they believed it would impact people’s belief on God and religion. (Hamid) They also implemented a rule that determined that 80% of TV programs must be local, placing a barrier on American media imported to Malaysia. They willRead MoreAmerican Culture Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesOne could say that America has changed all other cultures around the world. America brought the world, cars, computers and the assembly line. But one of the most important things that America has given all other cultures is music (Crawford, 58). From the jazzy tunes of New Orleans to the soulful Native American Music, they have all changed the way others due business. Without Americas additions to these cultures, music would be very different compared to the multitude of music that America hasRead MoreThe Legacy Of Soul Music1509 Words   |  7 Pagesthe music industry. This may be due to the fact that soul has had a huge impact upon other genres. Shuker defines soul as a â€Å"secular version of gospel, soul was the major black musical form of the 1960s and 1970s and remained evident in various hybrid styles since, for example, contemporary neo-soul and soul jazz (312). The history of soul music is notable for producing a range of artists who have assisted African-American societies with societal and political issues through the rise and fall ofRead MoreOrigins Of Today s Music1546 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween blues and jazz music. Blues and jazz are musical genres, or styles, which are considered American musical traditions. Blues and jazz are related because the roots of jazz are from the blues and they both originated from the American south, invented and practiced by African-Americans. Although they are related, they have distinct differences, both culturally and musically. These two genres still impact the music that is heard today, and the confusion of telling the two apart is because of the numerousRead MoreAnalysis Of The Memo On The American Advertising Agency Network936 Words   |  4 PagesThis memo comprises a detail summary of BBDO, which is a major American advertising agency network. The memo serves a purpose of providing a clear understanding of the factors that result in its large-scale size and vast recognition by the public. In order to identify its role and impact on the American and global advertising industry, the memo will focus on 5 sections summary of BBDO, which is its history, general profile, areas of specialty, key advertising campaigns, and important contributions

Relationship between algae and tidepool chemistry Free Essays

Relationship between algal cover and water chemistry in rockroses Mad Mukluks Mad Midair ABSTRACT Interstitial Rockford is one of the harshest environment in marine ecosystem. Most of the organisms living in it has to have adoptions to survive in harsh conditions, especially algal. A research was done to see if biotic factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH value could have a significant correlation with total percentage of algal cover. We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship between algae and tidepool chemistry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Initial hypothesis was dissolved oxygen and pH value are correlated to total algal cover. Each pool sample’s water hammiest were measured and tested for 2 day period. The correlation between dissolved oxygen and algal cover is weak, proving that dissolved oxygen is not fairly important, where pH value has stronger correlation than the other chemical property tested. Most of the rockroses observed has high percentage cover of coralline algal. INTRODUCTION Rocky shore are coastal shores that are consists of hard substrates. It is regarded as the most ecological part of the marine system (Library et al, 2012). Rocky shore has three zone; low, mid and high with variety of communities living on each interstitial matrix (Phenylalanine’s, 2007). High interstitial zone has rockroses and go to several months without being replenished from the seawater (McAllen Taylor, 2001). Interstitial Rockford have a relative stable environment where that has few changes in terms of physical conditions when the water reaches low tide (Kemp, 2009). Both McAllen Taylor (2001) and Berkshire et al (1987) stated that rockroses undergoes many extreme physic-chemical conditions and few organisms are able to live in rockroses. These biotic factors have a significant influence in community dynamics and population (Theatrical, 2002). Thus, it has large abundance of specialized tax vying in rockroses, such as algae (Murals, 2013). The water chemistry of rockroses fluctuates rapidly when low tide, particularly oxygen concentration, pH value, temperature and salinity. Temperature and salinity is important for algae, whereas oxygen concentration and pH value is produced by algae. Oxygen is important to all living organism and the availability of oxygen in rockroses is low, which can lead to hypoxia to organisms living in it (Berkshire et al, 1987). However, high algal cover could increase the saturation level of oxygen in rockroses, but there is little research done on hyperemia on rockroses. Algae requires sunlight and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, which in return produce more oxygen in rockroses. It will also produce hydrogen, which makes the Rockford more acidic. Temperature is also important, because the temperature in rockroses is relatively higher than normal seawater temperature. Increasing temperature could affect the algae in terms of physiology and actions of algae (Library et al, 2012). According to Kemp (2009), increasing water temperature can be caused by long exposure from sunlight and also the location of Rockford. In a study done by Kemp at the coast of South Africa, he water temperature in rockroses were ranging from low ICC to high ICC during peak hours. Nowhere (1998) specified that sunlight has a tremendous effect on primary production in the aquatic system in rockroses. Salinity also can affect the water chemistry of rockroses. The changing level salinity of rockroses are varied according to location and geographically and it can be caused either by input from seawater during high tide, evaporation and terrestrial runoff or rainfall (Kemp, 2009). Ended et al (2014) showed that salinity has large role in terms of species richness in rockroses. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the total algal cover is being affected by the water chemistry in rockroses during low tide. The aim of this experiment is to observe the relationships between algal cover and water chemistry, especially dissolved oxygen concentration. I expected to see high level of oxygen saturation in rockroses due to photosynthesis. I also expecting high algal cover in alkaline rockroses. Since there is few fauna living in rockroses, I do not take them as measurement in this experiment because I more interested in functional algal group. From this, I deduced a hypothesis for this experiment. The hypothesis is percentage of algal cover is positively correlated with pH value and dissolved oxygen and negatively correlated with salinity and temperature. METHOD Location The study site was at Cape Palliates, southern most point in North Island and the experiment ran for three days, from February 1st to February 3rd 2014. Pool sample A transect line of 50 meter was laid out across the high rocky shore and began find suitable Rockford samples. I try to locate good pools sample with pool criteria of a depth of 1 CM, area around 2-mm and the presence of algal cover per pool. I assure depth of each pool by measuring the depth 3 times at different deepest point in the pool to obtain an average depth. The length of the pool is measured across by a measuring tape. A total of twelve pools that quite meet the measuring criteria similar were marked at high shore in a two day period. As a reference, one pool sample from lower rocky shore was marked and measured to compare water chemistry only. After pools were marked, a CACM x CACM quadrant were put on the pool, a Perspex glass layer with 25 random points were put on top of the quadrant. The quadrant is used to measure percentage of algal cover and functional algal cover y using point intercept method. Each pool sample has it chemical properties measured on the 2nd and 3rd of February Measurement of oxygen concentration Measurement of oxygen concentration was made by using a portable oxygen measurer that is measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. Measurement of salinity Measurement of Rockford salinity was made by using a refractors. The salinity was measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. Measurement of temperature The temperature of the Rockford was measured by using a simple thermometer twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. Measurement of pH value The pH value of the Rockford is measured using a pH meter and measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. However, while measuring the chemical properties of Rockford, I discovered that 5 out the 12 pool sample has geographical problems, such as drainage, constant terrestrial runoff and shadowed that will alter findings. It was decided that problem pool samples was not counted, and 7 remaining sample is used for the experiment. Statistical analysis I used ASS Enterprise Guide 5. 1 to obtain the linear regression to see the relationship between algal cover with 4 water chemistry; percentage of dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature and pH value. I also will use ASS to obtain the p-value of each correlation, regression (RE) and F ratio for each correlation. RESULTS Table 1 : measurement of water chemistry of pool sample at low tide after being exposed Pool sample pH value Temperature (co) salinity (US) How to cite Relationship between algae and tidepool chemistry, Papers Relationship between algae and tidepool chemistry Free Essays string(85) " reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment\." Intertribal Rockford is one of the harshest environment in marine ecosystem. Most of the organisms living in it has to have adoptions to survive in harsh conditions, especially algal. A research was done to see if biotic factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH value could have a significant correlation with total percentage of algal cover. We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship between algae and tidepool chemistry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Initial hypothesis was dissolved oxygen and pH value are correlated to total algal cover. Each pool sample’s water hammiest were measured and tested for 2 day period. The correlation between dissolved oxygen and algal cover is weak, proving that dissolved oxygen is not fairly important, where pH value has stronger correlation than the other chemical property tested. Most of the rockroses observed has high percentage cover of coralline algal. INTRODUCTION Rocky shore are coastal shores that are consists of hard substrates. It is regarded as the most ecological part of the marine system (Library et al, 2012). Rocky shore has three zone; low, mid and high with variety of communities living on each intertribal matrix (Phenylalanine’s, 2007). High intertribal zone has rockroses and go to several months without being replenished from the seawater (McAllen Taylor, 2001). Intertribal Rockford have a relative stable environment where that has few changes in terms of physical conditions when the water reaches low tide (Kemp, 2009). Both McAllen Taylor (2001) and Berkshire et al (1987) stated that rockroses undergoes many extreme physic-chemical conditions and few organisms are able to live in rockroses. These biotic factors have a significant influence in community dynamics and population (Theatrical, 2002). Thus, it has large abundance of specialized tax vying in rockroses, such as algae (Murals, 2013). The water chemistry of rockroses fluctuates rapidly when low tide, particularly oxygen concentration, pH value, temperature and salinity. Temperature and salinity is important for algae, whereas oxygen concentration and pH value is produced by algae. Oxygen is important to all living organism and the availability of oxygen in rockroses is low, which can lead to hypoxia to organisms living in it (Berkshire et al, 1987). However, high algal cover could increase the saturation level of oxygen in rockroses, but there is little research done on hyperemia on rockroses. Algae requires sunlight and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, which in return produce more oxygen in rockroses. It will also produce hydrogen, which makes the Rockford more acidic. Temperature is also important, because the temperature in rockroses is relatively higher than normal seawater temperature. Increasing temperature could affect the algae in terms of physiology and actions of algae (Library et al, 2012). According to Kemp (2009), increasing water temperature can be caused by long exposure from sunlight and also the location of Rockford. In a study done by Kemp at the coast of South Africa, he water temperature in rockroses were ranging from low ICC to high ICC during peak hours. Northern (1998) specified that sunlight has a tremendous effect on primary production in the aquatic system in rockroses. Salinity also can affect the water chemistry of rockroses. The changing level salinity of rockroses are varied according to location and geographically and it can be caused either by input from seawater during high tide, evaporation and terrestrial runoff or rainfall (Kemp, 2009). Ended et al (2014) showed that salinity has large role in terms of species richness in rockroses. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the total algal cover is being affected by the water chemistry in rockroses during low tide. The aim of this experiment is to observe the relationships between algal cover and water chemistry, especially dissolved oxygen concentration. I expected to see high level of oxygen saturation in rockroses due to photosynthesis. I also expecting high algal cover in alkaline rockroses. Since there is few fauna living in rockroses, I do not take them as measurement in this experiment because I more interested in functional algal group. From this, I deduced a hypothesis for this experiment. The hypothesis is percentage of algal cover is positively correlated with pH value and dissolved oxygen and negatively correlated with salinity and temperature. METHOD Location The study site was at Cape Palliates, southern most point in North Island and the experiment ran for three days, from February 1st to February 3rd 2014. Pool sample A transect line of 50 meter was laid out across the high rocky shore and began find suitable Rockford samples. I try to locate good pools sample with pool criteria of a depth of 1 CM, area around 2-mm and the presence of algal cover per pool. I assure depth of each pool by measuring the depth 3 times at different deepest point in the pool to obtain an average depth. The length of the pool is measured across by a measuring tape. A total of twelve pools that quite meet the measuring criteria similar were marked at high shore in a two day period. As a reference, one pool sample from lower rocky shore was marked and measured to compare water chemistry only. After pools were marked, a CACM x CACM quadrant were put on the pool, a Perspex glass layer with 25 random points were put on top of the quadrant. The quadrant is used to measure percentage of algal cover and functional algal cover y using point intercept method. Each pool sample has it chemical properties measured on the 2nd and 3rd of February Measurement of oxygen concentration Measurement of oxygen concentration was made by using a portable oxygen measurer that is measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. You read "Relationship between algae and tidepool chemistry" in category "Papers" Measurement of salinity Measurement of Rockford salinity was made by using a refractors. The salinity was measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. Measurement of temperature The temperature of the Rockford was measured by using a simple thermometer twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. Measurement of pH value The pH value of the Rockford is measured using a pH meter and measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. However, while measuring the chemical properties of Rockford, I discovered that 5 out the 12 pool sample has geographical problems, such as drainage, constant terrestrial runoff and shadowed that will alter findings. It was decided that problem pool samples was not counted, and 7 remaining sample is used for the experiment. Statistical analysis I used ASS Enterprise Guide 5. 1 to obtain the linear regression to see the relationship between algal cover with 4 water chemistry; percentage of dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature and pH value. I also will use ASS to obtain the p-value of each correlation, regression (RE) and F ratio for each correlation. RESULTS Table 1 : measurement of water chemistry of pool sample at low tide after being exposed Pool sample pH value Temperature (co) salinity (ISIS) Dissolved oxygen (%) 8. 4 28 40. 5 266. 1 2 7. 8 239. 4 3 8. 6 26 37 260. 7 4 7. 7 25 134. 6 5 8. 3 29 185. 1 6 7. 6 50 174. 2 7 7. 5 19 110. 7 Table 2: List of functional algal group calculated in pool samples in percentage (%) with mean value Rockford Crosses Filament Coralline Leathery Bare rock Foliose Algal cover 6. 68 46. 68 29. 32 17. 32 82. 68 34. 68 12 9. 32 56 24 92 37. 32 49. 36 50. 64 6. 7 45. 3 21 . 3 33. 3 66. 7 1. 3 38. 7 Mean 15. 997 16. 95 32. 28 5. 14 28. 56 0. 95 Figure 1: in algal cover (%) against dissolved oxygen (%) shows the p-value is 0. 1865, RE is 0. 3189 and Fl,5 is 2. 4. Based on the shatterproof and RE, we can see that the correlation between dissolved oxygen and algal cover is significantly positive. Figure 2: algal cover (%) against salinity (US) shows that the p-value is 0. 3108, RE is 0. 2026 and Fl is 1. 27. From the shatterproof, it is clearly that there is no significant interaction between the two. The regression equation (RE) is also supports th at no significant correlation. Figure 3: Algal cover (%) with water temperature (co) with p-value of 0. 3703, RE is 0. 1622 and Fl is 0. 97. Based on the regression equation RE, there is no significant interaction between the two. This is also can be seen in the shatterproof above. Figure 4: Algal cover (%) against pH value with p-value 0. 0086, RE is 0. 7776 and Fl is 17. 48. Since RE is close to 1, we can say there is a strong positive correlation between the two. PH value has a stronger correlation compared to other water chemistry properties tested. DISCUSSION From all the correlations done with algal cover (%), it is clear that the correlation between algal cover (%) and pH value has the strongest and positive correlation between the two (see Figure 4). The regression equation also validate the shatterproof RE = 0. 7776). From figure 4, we can concluded that the percentage of algal cover is higher if the water pH value is alkali (pH 7). Two reasons on why algal cover is high; because of the importance of carbon dioxide (CA) in photosynthesis, as it requires carbon dioxide to perform photosynthesis and respiration, because CA is product released from photosynthesis. This can be seen a relatively same study that was conducted by Oligarchies (2013) where increased CA in Rockford enhances the metabolism of algae Alva. His findings was expected from him, that higher argental of CA encourages photosynthesis of the algae, which is an important food source for algae to use as energy source (Oligarchies et al, 2013). There is few studies done on pH value having an effect on algal cover in rockroses. Our initial hypothesis of where dissolved oxygen having a profound effect on algal cover is no longer accepted because regression equation is low (RE = 0. 3189) and the shatterproof supports it in figure 1, therefore the correlation is weak. In table 1, the percentage of dissolved oxygen is incredibly high (mean average = 195. 2%), where the water is in a indention called hyperemia, but the total algal cover was low. However, Noel et al (2010) shows that supersaturated level of oxygen constrain photosynthesis for primary production and therefore, the rate decreases. Little is known why high dissolved oxygen has no profound effect on algal growth, since most study is focused on the effect of oxygen to intert ribal fishes and crustaceans, where Berkshire et al (1987) and McAllen Taylor (2001) studied. The role of water temperature affecting total algal cover has no significant correlation between the two (Figure 3). The regression value is significantly low (RE = 0. 22). Based on the data obtained, temperature has no effect to total algal cover. This could because the water temperature is always constant, as it increasing in a slow rate when there is a presence of sunlight, and the temperature can drop rapidly when high tide approaches to recycle the water trapped in rockroses (Berkshire et al, 1987). However, temperature might have an impact on total algal cover if experiment was done longer, especially on cold and warm seasons. Jackson et al (2013) stated that the temperature of the rockroses during warm season would increase the stress level in he rockroses compared to colder season. The effect of salinity (us) to total algal cover has small effect because it has weak correlation as seen in figure 2 (RE – 0. 2026). There are many study done between salinity and Rockford fishes and crustaceans, but there is no sufficient study on the effects to algal cover. Of all the functional algal cover we observed and classified in Table 2, most of the pool sample has high percentage of coralline algae (mean = 32. 28%) and one of the most well studied algal group living in rockroses. Coralline algae (Chronological) is often found t the edges of rockroses and it is the most dominant group of algae, which has tremendous roles in shallow waters in term of biologically and ecologically (Selenologist et al, 2013; Noisiest et al, 2013; Gunter Marten, 2014). According to a study done by Gunter Marten (2014), coralline algae are able to tolerate extreme water condition, especially temperature and light. From all the data and results, the initial hypothesis of pH value and dissolved oxygen having a strong correlation is half accepted, since dissolved oxygen is has an insignificant correlation with coral cover. For the hypothesis of negative correlation that was tested on Rockford salinity and temperature is accepted. Even though the experiment went well, the data obtained from this is still inadequate. For instance, only 7 pool sample is used, where the normality of data is not meet. The study period is also affecting the data, since monitoring fluctuations of water chemistry composition varied rapidly. Recommendations for increasing the quality of experiment is having a longer study period. This can obtained more accurate data from more pool sample. How to cite Relationship between algae and tidepool chemistry, Papers

The freedom to carry it forward Essay Example For Students

The freedom to carry it forward Essay All private actions were submitted to a severe surveillance. No importance was given to individual independence, neither in relation to opinions, nor to labour, nor above all to religion Thus, among the ancients the individual, almost always sovereign in public affairs, was a slave in all his private relations4 This is what the ancients deemed to be free, that is free from rule by a sovereign, but a shared sovereignty between the citizens of the state. It had particular emphasis on participation in the daily affairs of the state and on decision making for the state. This shared sovereignty was crucial towards the ancient democracy because of the bellicose nature of the states during that period of time. He showed that ancient liberty formed because there was no real freedom from coercion from other states. Constant saw modern democracies as very different from those of the ancients and that it embraced different ideals and operated differently. The most important point with modern democracies is that it worked through a representative function in society. We will write a custom essay on The freedom to carry it forward specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The underlying difference could be seen through a pragmatic view that modern states are incredibly large and thus direct democracies on a daily basis would not only be disruptive to daily life but also impossible. All ancient republics were restricted to a narrow territory. The most populous, the most powerful, the most substantial among them, was not equal in extension to the smallest of modern states. 5 Furthermore, in ancient democracies, there was no universal suffrage and enfranchisement of most citizens thus it was not necessary for there to be a representative democracy. Representative democracy was a product of pragmatism and a market driven economy based on commerce. States today are very much driven by the market economy, and thus individuals are more self interested in their own affairs. Citizens of the modern state are more concerned with their liberty to be left to their own devices where they could engage in their own economic activities rather than to deliberate on a constant basis in the political sphere. Constant believed that the stability and beneficence of modern liberty was based on three distinct judgements: the civilising impact and evident mutual advantage of international economic exchange, the effective military security of all relatively commercialised societies against military threats from pre-commercial societies, and the manifest absence of rational material advantage for any modern state power in pursuing either its own interests or those of its subjects by the threat of use of armed force against other modern states. 6 Modern liberty differed considerably from that of the ancients, as modern liberty would be what Isaiah Berlin called negative liberty or freedom. Alternatively, positive freedom or liberty is what Berlin called that of the ancients. Negative freedom, is a notion where the individual is allowed actions when no one is interfering with your right to action. There is a lack of constraint, whereas positive liberty (that of the ancients) is to have the ability to carry through an objective and the freedom to carry it forward. To understand how Constant was lead to believe that ancient democracy was dangerously impractical; is to understand what would happen when ancient liberties are placed on a modern world. Constant shows the difference between the ancients and moderns in terms of the outcome of these differences. Firstly the size of a country causes a corresponding decrease of the political importance allotted to each individual7 Constant believes that, in ancient states, the individual citizen still wield considerable power in terms of his political influence whilst in modern states, he does not.

Creative Intelligence And Leadership Example

Creative Intelligence And Leadership Example Creative Intelligence And Leadership – Coursework Example Creative Intelligence and Leadership Baderman Island Resort. Successful people are ambitious and make significant discoveries through willing to take risks. I prefer situations where discovering new ideas and trying new approaches are encouraged. Being a manager of this prestigious resort, I aim at achieving results depending on being responsive and using my own ideas as well as those others. People see me as direct in my approach to innovation and disciplined on my course. Therefore, when I was introduced to this goal of making Baderman Island Resort a destination palace, I took it with confidence. It’s evident that people who make things happen introduce change. In this case, I see the future of Baderman being brighter than the stars. By changing the advertising strategy of this resort my aim is using social networks and both local and international newspapers.Through this means, we will achieve maximum publicity which in turn will produce maximum numbers of visits. Accompli shed organizations accomplish important goals by trying new approaches. Personally, I aim at making this resort the most organized in the world. Consequently, the organization of staff will enable quick response therefore leading to efficient services. It is important to note that people admire efficient services and therefore by taking advantage of that fact, we will attract a god number of customers.In conclusion, my final push will be breaking with tradition, I assume responsibility by allowing freedom of expression; this is because I believe in support from the members of staff and recognizing original ideas. Furthermore, i communicate best by giving instruction and also allowing corrections from my juniors. Therefore, by us working as a group we will surely accomplish the objections set by Baderman Island Resort.Work CitedMay, S., & Doubtfire, D. (2008). Creative writing (4th ed.). London: Teach Yourself.

Thermoplastic vs. Thermoset Resins (Composites)

Thermoplastic vs. Thermoset Resins (Composites) Thermoplastic  polymer  resins are extremely common, and we come in contact with thermoplastic resins constantly. Thermoplastic resins are most commonly unreinforced, meaning, the resin is formed into shapes and have no reinforcement providing strength. Examples of common thermoplastic resins used today, and products manufactured by them include: PET  - Water and soda bottlesPolypropylene - Packaging containersPolycarbonate - Safety glass lensesPBT - Childrens toysVinyl - Window framesPolyethylene  - Grocery bagsPVC - PipingPEI - Airplane armrestsNylon  - Footwear Many thermoplastic products use short discontinuous fibers as a reinforcement. Most commonly fiberglass, but  carbon fiber  too. This increases the  mechanical properties  and is technically considered a fiber reinforced composite, however, the strength is not nearly as comparable to continuous fiber reinforced composites. In general, FRP composites refers to the use of reinforcing fibers with a length of 1/4 or greater. Recently, thermoplastic resins have been used with  continuous fiber  creating structural composite products. There are a few distinct advantages and disadvantages thermoplastic composites have against thermoset composites.​ Advantages of Thermoplastic Composites There are two major advantages of thermoplastic composites. The first is that many thermoplastic resins have an increased impact resistance of comparable thermoset composites. In some instances, the difference is as high as 10 times the impact resistance. The other major advantage of thermoplastic composites is the ability reform. See, raw thermoplastic composites, at room temperature, are in a solid state. When heat and pressure impregnate a reinforcing fiber, a  physical change  occurs; not a chemical reaction as with a thermoset. This allows thermoplastic composites to be reformed and reshaped. For example, a pultruded thermoplastic composite rod could be heated and remolded to have a curvature. This is not possible with thermosetting resins. This also allows for the recycling of the thermoplastic composite at end of life. (In theory, not yet commercial). Properties and Benefits of Thermoset Resins Traditional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites, or FRP Composites for short, use a thermosetting resin as the matrix, which holds the structural fiber firmly in place. Common thermosetting resin includes: Polyester ResinVinyl Ester ResinEpoxyPhenolicUrethane The most common thermosetting resin used today is a polyester resin, followed by vinyl ester and epoxy. Thermosetting resins are popular because of uncured, at room temperature, they are in a liquid state. This allows for convenient impregnation of reinforcing fibers such as fiberglass, carbon fiber, or Kevlar. As mentioned, a room temperature liquid resin is easy to work with. Laminators can easily remove all air during manufacturing, and it also allows the ability to rapidly manufacture products using a vacuum or positive pressure pump. (Closed Molds Manufacturing) Beyond ease of manufacturing, thermosetting resins can exhibit excellent properties at a low raw material cost. Properties of thermoset resins include: Excellent resistance to solvents and corrosivesResistance to heat and high temperatureFatigue strengthTailored elasticityExcellent adhesionExcellent finishing (polishing, painting, etc.) In a thermoset resin, the raw uncured resin molecules are crossed linked through a catalytic chemical reaction. Through this chemical reaction, most often exothermic, the resin creates extremely strong bonds with one another, and the resin changes state from a liquid to a solid. A thermosetting resin, once catalyzed, it can not be reversed or reformed. Meaning, once a thermoset composite is formed, it cannot be remolded or reshaped. Because of this, the recycling of thermoset composites is extremely difficult. The thermoset resin itself is not recyclable, however, there are a few new companies who have successfully removed the resin through pyrolization and are able to reclaim the reinforcing fiber. Disadvantages of Thermoplastics Because thermoplastic resin is naturally in a solid state, it is much more difficult to impersonate reinforcing fiber. The resin must be heated to the melting point, and pressure is required to impregnate fibers, and the composite must then be cooled under this pressure. This is complex and far different from traditional thermoset composite manufacturing. Special tooling, technique, and equipment must be used, many of which are expensive. This is the major disadvantage of thermoplastic composites. Advances in thermoset and thermoplastic technology are happening constantly. There is a place and a use for both, and the future of composites does not favor one over the other.

The Tragic Sense of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Tragic Sense of Life - Essay Example makes it move towards faith which readily offers immortality and meaning, a sense of immortality that is vulnerable to doubt, yet, at the same time richly endowed with meaning and hope. It is this mutual contradiction of these two ideas, one ensuing from objectivity and the other from faith is the eventual source of life’s unity. In a broader context, both these ideas, complement and complete each other. It is the sense of annihilation ensuing from a scientific objectivity that moves the humanity towards faith, and the doctrines of faith, though seeming mystical, ambiguous and vague ultimately does have the power to move the men to act in a way that actually makes people think that these doctrines if not true, ought to be true. That death, if it is the eventual destiny of man, is a destiny that is undeserved and unjust. Unamuno boldly declares that â€Å"We think because we live (157).† However, by ‘thinking’ here, Unamuno does not mean what most men consider thinking to be. For truly speaking, in case of most of the individuals, thoughts are nothing, but a pretext for justifying their actions to oneself and others. Nudged to act by their innate, basic and primordial instincts, they present thoughts as a sophisticated veneer to cover up the essential senselessness and vagueness of their actions, or rather to project some sort of a meaning over their actions. Yet, the shallowness of their thoughts is evinced the minute there start to appear chinks in their adopted or professed doctrines, taking a heavy tool of their belief in the very integrity of their actions. By ‘thinking’ Unamuno means that an innate belief, which embraces both the impermanence indicated by logic and the immortality offered by faith and proceeds to act irrespective of the inherent contradiction of these two ideas, confident that the very character of the actions engendered by this belief while resolve this contradiction and endow life with a meaning. Doing so, Unamuno places upside

The Usefulness of the Academic Literature on National Culture for Essay

The Usefulness of the Academic Literature on National Culture for Helping a Multinational Corporation Devise its Strategy - Essay Example As a means of developing broader range insights into the nature of culture, business, innovation, and profit, this research assess the usefulness of the academic literature on national culture for helping a multinational corporation devise its strategy. As there are a number of broad-ranging theories on national culture, this research advances by analyzing the relationships and associations between key factors found in the literature. Analysis One of the prominent areas where academic literature on national culture has been implemented in terms of business strategy is in the hospitality industry. Baker & Moreo (2008) investigated power distance management between cultures. This specific investigation administered questionnaires to managers in different international regions, specifically: the United States, Thailand, Malaysia, and Turkey. Specifically, the research notes that the questionnaires sought to determine if, â€Å"managers from varied power distance cultures would exhibit varied degrees of participative style, openness to strategic change, formality of strategic control, and people-focused orientation when setting strategic goals† (Baker & Moreo, 2008, p. 12). The results were inconclusive regarding specific differences in power relationships between national cultures. As a result of these findings the authors argue that managers operating in international contexts need not be concerned with the relation between distance and power relationships. Such findings demand further investigation, as there is the possibility of limitations because of the specific organizations that were implemented, as specific trends in the cultures that may be more amenable to each other (Tandukar 2008). Still, there literature makes a significant contribution to broader ranging strategic investigations, as it constitutes a specific perspective on these relations. Such a notion functions to indicate that while individual research studies may lack the large-scale reach that would allow them to make significant impacts on business strategy, collated and implemented in a comprehensive approach could reveal significant insights. Another prominent area where literature on national cultures has been intertwined with business strategy is business ownership. Larimo (1998) tested the notion that national origin significantly impacts the strategies of multinational corporations.

Thomas Paine and Common Sense :: essays research papers

Common Sense Published anonymously by Thomas Paine in January of 1776, Common Sense was an instant best-seller, both in the colonies and in Europe. It went through several editions in Philadelphia, and was republished in all parts of United America. Because of it, Paine became internationally famous. "A Covenanted People" called Common Sense "by far the most influential tract of the American Revolution....it remains one of the most brilliant pamphlets ever written in the English language." Paine's political pamphlet brought the rising revolutionary feeling into sharp focus by placing blame for the suffering of the colonies directly on the reigning British monarch, George III. First and foremost, Common Sense advocated an immediate declaration of independence, putting forward a special moral duty of America to the rest of the world. Not long after publication, the spirit of Paine's argument found importance in the American Declaration of Independence. Written at t he beginning of the Revolution, Common Sense became the leaven for the ferment of the times. It stirred the colonists to strengthen their resolve, resulting in the first successful anticolonial action in modern history. Little did Paine realize that his writings would set fire to a movement that had seldom if ever been worked out in the Old World: sovereignty of the people and written constitutions, together with effective checks and balances in government. Paine has been described as a professional radical and a revolutionary propagandist without peer. Born in England, he was dismissed as an excise officer while lobbying for higher wages. Impressed by Paine, Benjamin Franklin sponsored Paine's emigration to America in 1774. In Philadelphia Paine became a journalist and essayist, contributing articles on all subjects to The Pennsylvania Magazine.

Australian Aboriginal Art Essay

Australian Aboriginal art, song and dance has been the corner stone of culture since the beginning of their existence. Having no form of written language Aboriginal art, songs, and dances passed down through the generations have been the heartbeat that has kept this ancient culture alive. Even though the art, medium, song, and dance of each Aboriginal tribe may be completely different, they all serve the same purposes; create ceremony, and to inform each member of the tribe of their history, spiritual beliefs, values, and expectations for cultural norm and behaviour. It is not until recently that Aboriginal art has stopped depicting Dreaming stories and has begun to be used for other purposes, such as self expression and emotion release (Pizzi, 13). However as the customary Aboriginal ways of life have been continually interrupted and battered, the personal identity of Aboriginal people and their culture has deteriorated and is in great danger of dying out completely. For tens of thousands of years Aboriginals have created art on rocks, tree bark, the ground and their bodies, with dyes, paints, seeds, plants, sand, and ochres. It is these art works which create a visual language expressing the legends, morals, and history specific to each Aboriginal tribe (Kreczmansk and Stanislawska-Birnberg, 3). Each painting or drawing contains symbols and colours which represent a part of a Dreaming story. Generally the symbols similar to what they are representing, but can come to mean different things at different times, such as a spiral could represent a waterhole, campsite, breast, or fire depending on the context. Aboriginal art is an integral physical manifestation of their culture and cultural continuity is reflected in all forms; such as painting, drawing, ceremonies, song, dance, jewellery, and head masks (Barrington, April 12). On page one of ‘The Tjulkurra’, Billy Stockman Tjapaltjarri, Janusz B. Kreczmanski and Margo Stanislawska-Birnberg write, â€Å"there is one kind of traditional painting which has not changed for thousands of years in its form and subject matter: the art of the Australian Aborigines. † The Aboriginal Dreaming stories are central to culture and each aspect of the Dreaming wheel is connected, and without one of the parts the wheel the rest does not make sense. These stories dictate every aspect of life and behaviour from where you can walk to how the Earth was created. These Dreaming stories are the blue prints to Aboriginal life, and it is through art, song, and dance that they survive. Each art drawing, painting, dance refers to a piece of information which the viewer gains upon looking at it, every song steers the listeners towards proper social behaviour or indicates where in society one falls (Morphy, 30). Some rituals, drawing and painting mediums and depictions, songs, and dances are gender or age discriminate, further structuring societal responsibilities and purposes (Mayrah, April 20). These Aboriginal art forms are the vehicles that pass meaning, purpose, history, and cultural from one generation to the next. Over the years Aboriginal way of life has been completely disrupted, abused, and deliberate attempts have been made to be erased. Since colonization Aboriginal people have been continually displaced from their lands, which they had lived on for over 40,000 years, and have had to watch as their sacred sites are cut down, mined, and destroyed. With this the materials used in Aboriginal art are destroyed, but more importantly there is a cultural disconnection as the elders are unable to teach the new generation the ways of their people and land. For example, when a tribe from the desert is suddenly moved to a coast their traditional sand art becomes impossible to create and the ceremonial act of passing that knowledge down to new generations cannot occur. So that art form is lost forever and the relationship between elders and the new generation breaks down. Or if a Dreaming story is based upon the lake which a tribe lives next to, and the tribe is moved away from this lake the new generations to come will not understand the story, or feel a connection with the land which was given to them by the Creation Beings. By taking away the tools the Aboriginals have always used to create their art and ceremonies their whole structure of culture is splintered. Tourism and the intrusions of western culture on Aboriginal land have weakened and belittled the art of the Aboriginals and traditional art forms have vanished in many places (Edwards and Guerin, Foreword). Furthermore, as â€Å"The Land My Mother, Walya NGamardiki† video the class watched on March 18th explains, the Aboriginals believe that they belong to the land, and if the land is destroyed then they too are being destroyed. In Aboriginal culture each person and family is born and connected to a Totem, or Spirit Being, and it is that person’s responsibility to protect their Totem; they are thought to be so connected that if one was to eat their Spirit Being it would be considered cannibalism. If a person’s Totem is killed then it is that person’s responsibility to carry out the mortuary rites for the being. When an Aboriginal dies they believe that their spirits go into the sites from which they came, but by destroying these sanctified sites the spirits have no where to return (Mayrah, April 20). â€Å"For Indigenous Australians†¦country is the subject of artistic representation, ritual enactment, totemism and the sympathetic magic that assists the group to ensure itself in the quest for survival† (Zimmer, 20). A disconnection between an Aboriginal person and his land is more than an unjust inconvenience; it is a cultural, emotional and spiritual murder worse than physical death. The Aboriginals currently make up only two percent of the Australian population, and their art, songs, and dances have been lost to the new generations. The ceremonies, art, dance, and song that had always guided, moralized, and given a voice to the Aboriginal youth has been made unnecessary, unfeasible, or irrelevant over time. These youths are now connecting with the anger, violence and messages of resentment of the contemporary black American culture. Instead of singing the songs and dancing the dances of their ancestors many young Aboriginals are rapping and grinding. (Dean, April 8). Many Aboriginals, old and young, feel no real tribal identity or language, no connection with Dreaming, and are left confused by who they are in the middle of two conflicting cultures (Bourke, 133). Without their art, song, and dance the Aboriginal culture has no history, meaning, future, or heartbeat. It is imperative to the future of Aboriginal tribes that they reconnect with the wisdom and ceremony of their ancestor’s art, song, and dance, while continuing to gain the tools to function in today’s westernized Australian culture. Bibliography Barrington, Robin. â€Å"Indigenous Australian Aboriginal Art. † Presentation, Introduction to Indigenous Australia tutorial, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley campus. April 12, 2010. Bourke, Eleanor. â€Å"On Being Aboriginal. † In Identifying Australia in Postmodern Times. Melbourne: Bibliotech, Australian National University, 1994. â€Å"Ways of Working: Aboriginal Cultural Awareness Modules. † Workshop, Centre for Aboriginal Studies at Curtin University of Technology, Bentley campus. April 8, 2010. Edwards, Robert and Bruce Guern. Aboriginal Bark Paintings. Canberra: Rigby, 1970. Kreczmanski, Janusz B. , and Margo Stanislawska-Birnberg. The Tjulkurra: Billy Stockman Tjapaltjarri. Marleston: Jb Books, 2002. 1-7. Mayrah, Yarraga. â€Å"Aboriginal Culture. â€Å" Indigenous Australia – Aboriginal Art, History and Culture. http://www.indigenousaustralia. info (accessed April 20, 2010). McGregor, Ken and Jenny Zimmer. Bill Whiskey Tajapaltjarri. Victoria: Macmillian Art Publishing, 2009. 15-23. Morphy, Howard. Ancestral Connections: Art and an Aboriginal System of Knowledge. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, 1991. Pizzi, Gabrielee. Voices of The Earth: Paintings, Photography, and Sculpture from Aboriginal Australia. Melbourne: A private collection. 7-16. ‘The Land My Mother’ or ‘Walya NGamardiki. ’ Movie, Introduction to Indigenous Australia tutorial, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley campus. March 8th, 2010.

Operations Management Paper - 1329 Words

MGT5203 Assignment 1 - Contributions to the Field of Management NAME Amberton University Operations Management MGT5203.E1 Teacher June 13, 2011 MGT5203 Assignment 1 - Contributions to the Field of Management What is operations management? Operations management is the management of processes that create goods and/or services which is the core to any business. (Stevenson, 2012) Operations involves leading within several operational duties such as: service design, process selection, selection and management of technology, design of work systems, location planning, facilities planning, and quality improvement. There are many activities that should be a focus for Operations Managers and can help ensure process and productivity and†¦show more content†¦Tools and parts were standardized to allow for those efficiencies and price reduction. Frederick Winslow Taylor, efficiency engineer, began this movement and is known as the â€Å"father of scientific management†. (Stevenson, 2012) Taylor reviewed work methods to find the best overall method to complete the job at hand and works to maximize outputs. The Scientific Management era also included pioneers: Frank Gilbreth, Henry Gantt, Harrington Emerson, and Henry Ford. Most of us have heard about Henry Ford and his invention of mass production facilities that allow for higher production for standardized goods. (Stevenson, 2012) Interchangeable parts and the idea of division of labor allowed for lower paid workers to handle simplified tasks with little to no skills needed. Both Taylor and Ford were reviled by workers for caring more about the overall productivity than the employees that handle said products. The Human Relations movement was brought about due to the Scientific Management era that showed little to no concern for the workers. Now, there was a focus on the human element within the job responsibilities. Lillian Gilbreth, wife of Frank Gilbreth, was a psychologist and focused on the human aspect as her husband focused on the production line. She began work studies showing a high amount of worker fatigue which led to a focus on employee motivation. Elton Mayo proved through a study the importance ofShow MoreRelatedOperations Management Paper1815 Words   |  8 PagesSaint-Gobain Containers Andrew Vaccarezza Ryan Russell 05/17/2007 INTRODUCTION 3 BACKGROUND 3 STUNNING FIGURES 4 OPERATIONS OF THE GLASS MAKING PROCESS 5 RAW MATERIALS 5 MELTING 6 CONDITIONING 6 FORMING 7 ANNEALING 8 INSPECTION 9 PACKAGING 10 CONCLUSION 10 Introduction Saint-Gobain Containers is one of the leading glass packaging companies for the food and beverage industry. 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Also includes allowing another student to viewRead MoreOperations Management for Mcdonald963 Words   |  4 PagesBachelor of Science Operations Management Pre course assignment Intake: BSc14L Student Name: Wu Linlin Student Number: 10287698 Lecturer: Professor Brian Fynes Dr. Chang Chen Sheng Date of Submission: 21 February 2012 For the fast food chains, it is no doubt that McDonald s is successful in the world. It is known to all from children to elder. This is closely relevant to organization operation that produces food and services. Operation plays an importantRead MoreOpm300 Slp 1 Introduction to Operation Management770 Words   |  4 Pageslist, please consult your professor.   For SLP 1, identify the following by writing a paper (with paragraphs, including an introductory, body, and concluding section): 1) The organization s name and main line of business, 2) A specific type of operations process that takes place there (either service or product), 3) Describe the nature of the operations given your newfound understanding of operations management and productivity.   4) You may identify the strategy or global strategy of that organizationRead MoreBus 430 Assignment 1: Lenscrafters Case Study1307 Words   |  6 Pagestext. Write a six to seven (6-7) page paper in which you: 1. Evaluate LensCrafters’ operations strategy and explain how the organization seeks to gain a competitive advantage in terms of sustainability. 2. Analyze how operation management activities affect the customer experience. Select two (2) operation management challenges and provide the solutions for confronting them. 3. Examine LensCrafters’ value chain and evaluate its effectiveness to operations in terms of quality, value creation, and

Volksgemeinshcaft - 1107 Words

How Successful were the Nazis in Creating a Volksgemeinschaft? To simply answer the question, the answer would be that they had very little success in creating their ‘National Community’. Between the years 1933-39 the Nazi party set upon an idea of creating their own race of racially pure Germans, an Aryan race. And to do this they had to remove all the people they had thought of as unfit and against what they saw as the Aryan race, and create a Volksgemeinschaft. Volksgemeinschaft was a people’s community, where everybody was equal in race. The Nazi party was prepared to go to extreme lengths to ensure that they got this racially pure race, killing unfit Germans was a solution. Hitler wanted a community joined only by blood and race,†¦show more content†¦Hitler wanted his race to have no weaknesses. If women didn’t work, there would be increased family allowance and the honour Cross of German Mother Hood. Woman would be offered extra payments from the Nazi’s if they were to stay at home and create these Aryan race children, mothers were rewarded with money for the work they did. This was all introduced in order to entice Women from the work place back to there home’s and to have babies. Increasing the population was a well thought out plan for the future made by Hitler; he did have long term plans for himself and Volksgemeinschaft. Then the Nazis had to prepare for the future and the future of Germany was the youth. Many organisations like the Hitler youth and the league for German Maidens were set up to teach the youth to follow the Nazis. In the Hitler youth they were taught like the military, neat, tidy and organised. The youth saw Hitler as a father figure in the fatherland and obeyed him. Then Hitler used indoctrination in the education system to recruit them into the army as loyal Nazis. There were subtle Nazi views added into all school work to brainwash the youth, as they were naive and didn’t see the wrong side of the Nazis true nature. The future of the people’s community was successfully secure and the Nazis would keep control for years to come. During Hitlers efforts to create the Volksgemeinschaft he encountered several problems, regarding the people resistingShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent Did the Nazis Establish a Volksgemeinschaft? Essay3244 Words   |  13 Pagestheir children. Indeed, by the late 1930s, despite the regimes desire to increase agricultural production, it was evident that there had been a significant drift of worker to the towns where wages were higher. Hence the implementation of a Volksgemeinshcaft where all classes were equal to the extent that the society became classless was manifestly not achieved. German agriculture did not have the economic power to compete with other sectors of the economy and, as there were limits to Nazi interventionism

The Progressive Era During The 19th Century - 1195 Words

The Progressive Era was social activism and political reform between the 1890s and 1920s. The reformers of the Progressive Era tried to help the corrupt government, improve the not so great economic state for lower and middle class and immigrants, and invoke social change. The reformers were also very effective of making the problems of the 19th century known in America. Media development and some innovation did an excellent job of bolding all the corruption in the government and scandals of public health. Margaret Sanger and Alice Paul were very important reformers during the 19th century. With their help, immigrants and the lower classes were freed of the corruption and forced poverty placed upon them by business and government. These reformers were very successful in dealing with the problems at the turn of the century and really beyond, Life for these lower class citizens was not so joyful before the Progressive Era. Lower and middle classes as well as immigrants struggled. Most of them never could earn a steady income or provide for their families. Many people were attracted to the new Progressive Party due to the fact that it helped to give more power to the workers and promoted economic equality. Much of the attractiveness to the progressive party was as a result of the muckrakers. These were investigative journalists who propelled Progressivism by exposing corruption, economic monopoly, and moral decay in the American society. Through magazines such as The CrisisShow MoreRelatedThe Progressive Era Of The 19th Century1463 Words   |  6 PagesMaya Stepansky Mr. Meyer Progressive Era DBQ Toward the latter part of the 19th century, bustling America, in response to the trends of industrialization and urbanization that characterized its Gilded Age, began its new century by entering into a new historical/political epoch that came to be known as the Progressive Era. This distinctive period in history (spanning from the 1890s through 1920) found progressives seeking to use the American federal government as a means of change through socialRead MoreThe Progressive Era857 Words   |  3 Pagesapparent to them and many other times they have no idea it is happening until decades later. Regardless of what happened in different eras of history one thing always holds true, it made America who they are as a country. From the late 19th century into the early 20th century America went through one of these transformations with the birth of the progressive era. It left it’s imprint on American culture and will continue to for decades to come. The decades that worried America and its future wereRead More Change in Life from Antebellum to the New Deal Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesIt was a long process that took centuries to occur from when America was first colonized by England. America started slow and far behind England and other European countries in the technology race but a diverse culture and the work ethic of American people all helped to push this country forward. From antebellum America in the 19th century, to the Progressive Era in the late 19th century and early 20th century, and finally to the New Deal period in the 20th century, many changes occurred as millionsRead MoreThe During The Progressive Era989 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the Progressive Era, various groups responded to the political, social, and economic woes that resulted from the rapid industrialization and urbanization of America during the 19th Century. The mass immigration of foreigners and the northern migration of Africa-Americans led to urban overcrowding and competiti on for wage-paying jobs. Electric lighting allowed factories to expand the working hours and increase the output of manufactured goods. There was little regulation for employee welfareRead MoreThe Gilded Age : A Powerhouse Rose From The Ashes Of The Civil War871 Words   |  4 PagesProgressives in the Gilded Age The Gilded Age: A powerhouse rose from the ashes of the Civil War. From the Civil War until about 1896, the Gilded Age was born. The United States was going through an era of governmental, fiscal and societal restructuring. Gilded Age got its name because Mark Twain seen as a period where everything seemed to be well on the surface but beneath was a scheme of political dishonesty and self-indulgence. Around this time, the affluent upper class was created due to theRead MoreComparing the Approaches of the Progressive and Populist Movements893 Words   |  4 PagesPopulism vs. Progressivism Essay During the late 19th century and early 20th century the progressive movement and populist movement were groups and organizations getting together to resolve social, economic, and political problems occurring in the United States. Both movements had different approaches to what was more important and how to deal with problems. Progressivism was mainly for the betterment of cities while populism is for agrarian section of farmers. First of all there were social failuresRead MoreThe Progressive Era Essay1133 Words   |  5 PagesFrontier, and late Nineteen Century, Agrarianism The development of the United State into an aggregation of civilized settlements and large Cities influenced the economic movement, socially and culturally by the end of the Civil war and first World war. 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During the 1880’s there were two very influential works published during the earliest momentsRead MoreMovements Throughout History Led by Farmers and the Economy Essay730 Words   |  3 Pages The populist movement occurred in the late 19th century, formed from the Grangers movement where its goal was ta movement for people, to change the economic system where it would benefit farmers. The grange movement rapidly declined in the 1870s and was replaced by the farmer alliances. The farmer alliances were more political rather then social. The farmer’s alliance later formed the populist. The populist movement is considered to be an agrarian revolt by farmers and those concerned with

The Contribution in the Field of Psychology Free Essays

1-All about the contribution in the field of psychology with psychologist Sigmund Freud: As Sigmund Freud was Austrian neurologist and he was the famous founder for psychology field and that the reason, he known as Psychoanalysis and while the years of psychology he was a dominating school of concept and still quietly strong. His age was around 73-year-old and his birth date was May 6, 1856 and he died in September 23, 1939. Freud’s show with a group of therapeutic skills work on talk therapy and its useful for scheme for example dream clarification, free relationship and transference. We will write a custom essay sample on The Contribution in the Field of Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now The work of Sigmund Freud on psychology, as exoteric culture also used his ideas and there were topics for epitome, Freudian slips, denial and completion of unconscious wish, moreover the attitude is also used in language which used in daily routine. The great impression and famous psychologist of the twenty century, Sigmund Freud was on number three and he was popularly known as founder of psychanalysis, there was the study and theory of psychosexual development and the Id, superego ego, Free relationship and Dream clarification. Contribution in the field of psychology: There is no inquiry that Sigmund Freud had a plentiful effect on the psychology field, paying little heed to the impression of his chance. Through his work and hypothesis, he mentioned that every single change and sickness is not based on psychology. Such as, he establishes the social qualifications which effect on science and conduct. Sigmund Freud’s training and compositions added to our understanding of identity, medical psychology, human improvement, and uncommon psychology. He was the beginner of psychology school in Austria. As There were many psychologists impressed by Sigmund and his daughter. In 1896, Sigmund Freud was the one of person who used the condition of psychoanalysis. By that time his theory was showed up. The theory of normal and abnormal didn’t make by Sigmund Freud but he was the one of person who made them popular. Freud won this with the help of his theory of mental reality: id, personality, and superego. 2-I admire him and selection of him for my presentation-There are number of reasons to choose that person and admire as his popularity for psychology was the famous mandate thinker and psychologist of the twenty century and he got third position in this field. Sigmund Freud displayed the theory of personally improvement, and that controversial image structured by struggle with three fundamental ways of human brain: id, ego and superego. That is the reason, I feel that, these three formed develops as kids improving their personality, as victorious raising to adept of child and every form is important for it, moreover the timing and timetable in every develops is very necessary for kids to victoriously arrive rising adulthood. Also, with the help of his theory and work that clarify, there is no connection between mental issues with psychological reasons and individuals can get recognize personality by him or herself. 3- The psychologist Sigmund Freud and his work based on this course: In this course, we have covered Sigmund Freud adding the normal and personality. He emphasized that significant of the abnormal mind and a major expectation of Freud theory is that the unconscious brain handles the behavior to biggest degree than people are not believing. The convert unconscious mind into conscious is aim of psychanalysis: Sigmund Freud believe that there are different three levels to consciousness for epitome: precocious, conscious and unconscious. Conscious- In present time, which we are doing with active mind that called conscious and its impressed our personalities and behaviors. The ideas, feelings and memories for that we are aware (Hubbard 2018). Preconscious- Nowadays we are not aware for sudden situations or problems, but there is good thing we are able to be a conscious and get awareness to handle these problems, also for all us feelings and memories as well ideas, we cannot think consciously but still we can convert into conscious awareness (Hubbard, 2018). Unconscious- Nowadays, what activities we are doing without awareness that called unconscious and still we can influence our feelings, memories and thoughts. Our all unpleasant memories even aim and wishes that are not included in consciousness (Hubbard 2018). According to Freud’ theory and his three fundamentals which reflect our mind-id, superego and ego: – Id- when we want something like I want chocolate ice-cream and cake same time (Id). Superego- when my mind saying I do not have money for both things(superego). Ego-when ego decided that once I can have one thing another one I will buy another day. (Ego). 4- Sigmund Freud and his work related to your everyday life; Examples 1st -As according to Freud’ theory of personality, behavior and development same as my ECE field I must get information about all these things as well I can understand about child’s need and interest with that I can plan activities for them also children can improve their confidence level. 2nd -As we have different levels of mind for examples, when I am conscious for my exam I read and learn properly because my mind is aware but if I am unconscious that time I cannot ready anything for exam and same time I am thinking about other situations, however if I am preconscious , that time I can convert my mind into conscious and can work on my exact task. 3rd- According to Freud’ three fundaments id, superego and ego with this I can judge about my situation, like I want to eat pizza(id) but same time I have to buy a book for study(superego) at time my ego make me understand I do not have enough money so first I have to buy book and next time I can eat pizza(ego), its very useful for me. References Biography.com. (2017/2014, December/April 4/2). Sigmund Freud Biography. Retrieved from The Biography.com website: https://www.biography.com/people/sigmund-freud-9302400 Phillips, A. (2014). Becoming Freud: the making of a psychoanalyst. Retrieved from https://senecacollege-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=01SENC_ALMA5148410560003226;context=L;vid=01SE Hubbard, K. (2018). Psychoanalytic Approach [PowerPoint Presentation]. Retrieved from My. Seneca. How to cite The Contribution in the Field of Psychology, Papers

Foreignness Strategic Management Journal â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Foreignness Strategic Management Journal? Answer: Introduction Arnotts Biscuits Limited is the largest producer of biscuits in Australia. It is also the second largest snack food supplier in the country. Arnotts is a subsidiary of the Campbell Soup Company of the United States. The company was established in 1865 by William Arnott and operated under the family ownership until 1975. In 1997, the Campbell Soup Company acquired Arnotts in full. Despite the American ownership of the company, which led to considerable amount of controversy, as the Australians wanted the famous company to remain in Australian hands, the products of the company have not become Americanised and the manufacturing remains in Australia. The company is now known as Snacks Brands Australia. Arnotts has a wide range of products under its banner and variety of productsare sold by the company in the Australian market. From biscuits, candies, toffees, cakes, to breads, to ice creams and many more types of dessert, Arnotts virtually has existence in almost every market of every available type of dessert in Australia (Dunn 2014). Arnotts owns the top two brands in almost every segment of crackers, sweet biscuits and chocolate biscuits. The company and the product Arnotts is one of the biggest biscuits manufacturers in the world and is the biggest one in the country. The Arnotts umbrella consists of many sections and is the parent company of many brands that are very famous in the Australian biscuits market. Five factors have ensured the growth and of the company and also enables it to maintain the market hold in Australia. The company is focused on the core biscuit portfolio in the country: Arnotts have long exited from the sector of private labels, which yielded almost negligible profit margins. The entire snack food segment of the companys operations has been divested and the focus has been instead given to expanding other dessert food products or snacks that are healthier and organic. Peripheral operations of the company have been limited and a centralized operations management has been created so that every transaction and function of the company and as well as of the subsidiary brands can be monitored in a uniform manner (Bartrim 2017). Manufacturing has been given the highest importance in the company and the quality of the manufacturing process is hailed above all other operations of the company. Entire restructure of the management: Stranded overhead cost is a headache for every organisation that aims to operate within any sector and derive a certain amount of profit from it. The administration process of the company has been streamlined, so that every action and step is monitored and analysed before even being implemented. Sales and other attributes that boost sales are consolidated so that further expansion within the domestic market can be achieved. Route-to-Market warehouse system: The company deals in manufacturing and selling of such a product that has an expiry date. This requires the company to makes sure that none of its products are in consumable condition. The products becoming expired cannot be tolerated by the company and that makes them ensure that their warehouses are foolproof and no products are wasted (Hendrieet al. 2016). Growing core brands: Arnotts has focused all its resources to developing the core brands, as they are the original products and names that have helped the company its current position in the market. Marketing is boosted and widespread campaigns are done so that market exposure is enhanced even further. Promoting the trades of the company is another great strategy that increases transparency in the transactions and operations of the company, that creates a loyal customer base (Pulker, Scott and Pollard 2017). The packaging and merchandising of the products is done with creativity and new ways of delivering the products have helped the company to grow and maintain customer satisfaction, that in turn helps with increased sales, which, again, results in better profit margins. Investing in a pilot plant: This is a newly formed segment of the company where innovation is used efficiently to create new products or developing on the products that are already being produced and sold by Arnotts. Customers are at the heart of any business operations and the company understand that catering to their needs is the only way to stay ahead in the competition (Potter and Davis 2017). Constantly evolving with the changing customer needs and giving them more and new exciting flavors, textures and products is the only way to retain the loyalty of the customers. This pilot plant is where all the creative and innovative ideas are amalgamated and all the inputs are brought together to make something new to keep the excitement and sentiment of the customers alive. The Australian biscuit market is huge and is driven by fierce competition. For years, the parent company of Arnotts has been registering flat profit figures. After the successful implementation of the above described five strategies, it has finally managed to reach profit levels that are above the average market rates. The growing health consciousness of the Australians regarding consumption of snacks, and becoming more biased towards organic and healthy eating habits have rendered the market to experience a sudden slump in recent years (Friel, Barosh and Lawrence 2014). Sweet biscuits: the segment where Arnotts operates the most includes plain biscuits, cream biscuits and cookies. Arnotts has been trying to regain its market status by producing gluten-free, low sugar and low fat biscuits for the people who are serious about maintaining a good and healthy lifestyle. Arnotts have suffered a lot in a market, which experienced an overall degradation in 2013. Even though the market has b een able to recover from that momentary blow, the overall sales and profit levels have not been able to match its previous figures yet. Arnotts have successfully reported higher profit levels than their competition. The biggest reason for this drop in sales and profit can be attributed to a rise in health and lifestyle concern among the consumers. Even if this single incident may be cited aberration, the overall sales have been experiencing a downward result for spome time now. Tim tam has been the most successful launch of Arnotts till date. It has a huge appeal to the children as well as the grownups, who enjoy a sweet comfort food that reminds them of their childhood and has emotional attachment to it. This single product is the only reason for the company to retain its advantageous position in a market that is currently going through a slump. To maintain and increase their sales, Arnotts has gone beyond the simple chocolate selling business strategies and have tried to offer the customers with more products than their peers and competition. Recipes are invented by Arnotts that use Tim Tams as an ingredient and more desserts are offered alongside the traditional candies, chocolate bars, biscuits, chocolates and cakes. Breads are also produced by the company which has given them significant existence in the bread market as well. Over the last five years Arnotts have been experiencing a slowdown, along with the entire market sector, but Tim Tam sales itsel f has seen increase. This can be widely attributed to the fact that the company has invested a lot of money, time and creativity in the campaign and promotion of this product. Therefore, deciding on this product to be the product that is to be introduced to the British market, as new expansion strategy, was the obvious choice. Country and product market attractiveness The United Kingdom is one of the biggest economies in the world and has a huge opportunity in the specific sector of chocolate where Arnotts wants to penetrate. To understand the condition of the overall UK market, a PEST analysis is to be performed upon the entire country, to understand the conditions that are currently prevailing in the country and what possible strategies can be adopted by Arnotts to ensure maximum exposure and sales. Macro environmental analysis: The success of an organisation is determined by the factors that operate within the internal and external environments. An organisation can try to become more successful by efficiently utilizing these factors to its advantage by adapting to the environment to manipulate the factors. An organisation, which is successful in the market can not only use these factors and manipulate them, but also have certain degrees of predictability powers, which help to forecast imminent change. This ability can be of tremendous help for organisations as this can aid in preparing for the change by changing its strategies. The macro environment refers to the outer and external environment in which the organisation operates, effectively meaning the industry and the general condition of the country, which the organisation cannot control as a single entity but have some degree of impact when it is a part of the greater industry as a whole. Micro environment comprises of the internal factors, which are directly controlled by the organisation. The internal operations, manufacturing, service providing, processing all are the factors that are controllable by the organisation. PEST Analysis A PEST analysis is a tool that is used by organisations to understand the prevailing macro environ mental conditions within the country it is operating. Since the economic, political and social conditions and outlooks vary for each country, each country also offers a unique condition for every industry, which is a big point of concern for the organisations that run operations across different countries. The PEST analysis is a simple take on an organisations political, economic, social and technological environments, within which it exists and functions. Legal and environmental factors and conditions are also part of the PEST analysis. Political: The political framework of the country is a constitutional monarchy. A parliamentary system governs the functions of the government, which makes the country is fair and stable, having a lot of opportunities for the entities that operate within the country. The country is normally thought to be as a stable one, where the citizens have a control over its inner functioning. Being split into national and local administrations, it is easier to maintain a cohesion among all the operations of the government, as well as individuals and organisations. However, the government is not devoid of corruption, which are widely known, yet not talked about. The massive political dilemma over the decision of whether to stay in the European Union (EU) or not is taking a significant toll on almost all activities of the country. Even so, the UK is one of the most successful countries where rule of law is established. Economic: The economic condition of the UK is also very stable and has the fifth highest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world. Before the economic slump of the 2007-08, the country was registering a steady GDP growth rate. Even after the depression, the country is gradually coming out of the slow economic growth, however, most of this economic reestablishment is centered around London and the south east. The southern part of the country has traditionally offered services, while the north was more dependent on industrial sectors. This new economic outlook is reflecting the decrease in the importance in the industry sector, which may hamper economic strength in the long run. Interest rates are also regulated by the Bank of England, which also keeps the inflation rates under control. However, lower oil prices play its part and inflation rate do reach almost 4% at times, but is quickly subdued again. The countrys inflation rate has been significantly lower than the overall inflation rates of the EU. Despite all of these economic hope, the pound has still lost its value to some extent, which severely affected the economic condition and transaction of the country in the international market. Social: The UK has very high social standards. These high standards help to keep the overall environment and circumstances in a better than average position as compared to many other first world countries. Services like the National Health Services being free of cost let the society and community to focus their time on other issues. This also helps to keep the overall health quality of the citizens to be better, ensuring more productivity in all sectors. A lot of population also means that there is an abundance of skilled labours. The country has flexible migration laws, which enrich the society in a cultural way, as well as provides with cheap labours. The country ensures a basic education for all its people, and the education system is of very high standards. Better education leads to better workforce. The standard of living in the UK is exceptionally high and has surpassed that of the United States of America recently, after almost a century. Still, the country is burdened with in come disparity and faces challenges in overcoming them. Child poverty is still a major issue in the country and the government struggles to rid the country of this pressing issue. Technology: The UK has a wide range of technology available to help the citizens live a good life and also increase the industrial production and the betterment of the services sector is also achieved. Science and IT sector has seen remarkable expansion; thagt helps in increasing quality of every aspect of life. The country has stringent and effective laws regarding intellectual property rights. The country also has high level of competition among the industries inside the country, which helps to boost growth and specialisation is ensured. The British market of the product The British market offers a diverse and huge for sweet biscuits which is the primary product offered by Arnotts. the combination of either tea or coffee is consumed by almost every British coupled with biscuits almost everyday. The market is supposed to grow almost by 5.6 billion in the next financial year. The biscuit industry, hence, looks to be pretty solid in terms of sales and overall performance. Throughout the recession, when the entire global economic conditions faced meltdowns, the British people never stopped buying biscuits, as it is their daily need. This helped the UK biscuit market to sustain itself better than most other industries of the world. Although this ritualistic nature to buy sweet biscuits have stayed relevant for the people of the UK, the rising health concerns here has also slowed down the industry (Fuller 2016.). However, emotions and sentiments seem to have prevailed and the biscuit sales have been steady. Iconic brands like McVities, Jacobs, Hob Nobs all have good market shares and make sure that the industry will not be facing any immediate problem right away (LEONGet al., 2017). However, these same reasons are why Arnotts will face a problem: The British seem to prefer their own products more than any foreign ones, and the company has to innovate and accordingly market or promote their Tim Tams that would efficiently appeal to the customers in the same way as their local products do. Strategies to penetrate the market Arnotts is going to adopt a number of strategies that are currently used in the backdrop of operating in the Australian market, but may prove to be essential for the UK market. Arnotts has focused a lot of its resources and operations towards online retailing of their products. The company is not satisfied with only supplying their original product to the market, but also aims to provide the British consumers with every product they have in their catalogue (Ng and Shukor 2016). This will no doubt take time and a lot of hard work is to be expected, but Arnotts is sure about yielding a positive result from this. The UK is experiencing an increase in the demand for coffee, and in recent times, there has been a remarkable growth in the number of coffee shops in the country. Arnotts aims to exploit this aspect would expand their business in the coffee chain in the United Kingdom, in a joint venture with Coffex. This would ensure even higher sales for Arnotts Tim Tams and new business opportunities for the company as awell. The retail chains would be supplying new flavors of coffee and would use the products of Arnotts as ingredients. The shops would be offering the customers an enriched coffee drinking experience, which they hope would increase customer satisfaction. In a time when coffee boutiques are setting a new trend in the country, Arnotts has high hopes about their new business venture. Competition in the market and other aspects The market of the UK is high and there are many companies which have been selling chocolate in the country for a long period of time. This would seem like a disadvantageous position for the company as it is a newcomer and do not have enough practical experiences of operating in the British market, which would entail a lot of new planning and strategizing on Arnotts part (Lindberg, Nichols and Yam, 2017). The exit of the country from the EU would pose some obvious problems regarding the tariff laws and export import policy. However, Australia hopes that this would not affect much for their foreign trade with England, as they had similar trading regulations with country before, which are now being considered to be implemented with the new trade laws between the United Kingdom and the European Union. Most of the companies in the UK use online retail shops extensively to reach their customers and increase their sales along with physical shops. Arnotts would be investing a lot in their online retail shop creation which would enable the customers to avail their products in similar fashion in which they are already used to. Similarities between Australia and the UK The Australian and British cultures have some obvious similarities between them, both being first world countries and somewhat of a similar way of thinking. The socio-political and economic conditions are also not very dissimilar in the two countries. This would give Arnotts some basic advantage in planning their strategies. The citizens of both the countries enjoy their desserts and sweet biscuits are a big part of both countrys culinary traditions (Daltonet al. 2014). These aspects would help Arnotts to use the general preference and food habits of the people of the UK to be used to their own advantage. SWOT Analysis Arnott's Biscuits Limited is a company that has been established in the year 1865 and has a long legacy of goodwill and high quality products and this serves as the biggest strength of the company. The popularity, brand value associated with the organization makes customers comes back to the products that the company has to offer. The company over the years has developed and has come up with innovative flavors and taste of biscuits. This plethora of choice caters to the taste buds of almost everyone. The image of the company promotes togetherness, innocence and fun time. The organization is regarded as the biggest producer of biscuits and the second-largest supplier of snack items in Australia. This adds to the popularity of the brand and the availability of the products everywhere in the market. The manufacturing units of the organization are top notch with technologically advanced machinery that allows mass production. It serves as strength as it provides the company allowance to make the products available to the target market at the right time. Tim-Tam is one of the notable brands of the company, it is a fun product and the high quality and reasonable price of the item add to the benefit and the popularity of the brand. The company has a lot of opportunity to expand in Britain as an established brand in Australia it has means and resources to expand in the Britain market as well. The British market is a good place for the company as it has a lot of options in terms of customer segmentation, innovation in the flavor etc (Khan et al. 2015). Weakness The company has a small market share in the international market which is a problem as the industry in which the company operates has a tough competition. Opportunities There are a lot of opportunities in the international market, as the company has good resources to expand the business. The food and beverage industry is booming as people are enjoying diversified and unique flavors in terms of bakery items like biscuits. The demand for biscuit as a snack is also high and a popular brand like Arnotts should use this opportunity. The company does not have cookies or brownies as the product option and this is a space that can be fulfilled by the resources that the company already has The British are a new consumer that would mean that the company has an opportunity to create new and innovative flavors for the British market. Threat The food and beverage industry has a tough competition in the international market, Kraft food limited is the biggest competitions to the company the profile of the two companies are almost alike and people usually interchange the products of these companies (Rothaermel 2015) Entry Strategy Tim Tam will enter the UK market and the company will directly export the product from Australia. Arnott will directly export the product via UK intermediary. These intermediaries will act as the middleman in the company. These intermediaries will also have to control the sales and interact with the client directly. Arnott will be benefited to a large extent if it chooses direct exporting via intermediaries and this will also increase the profit level of the company (Ulrich et al. 2014). It is also important for Arnott to know the customers and then choose the foreign market expansion strategy. In such a case, the customers also provide direct feedback on the product and the performance of the product in the market place which will be beneficial to the company. As the people of UK prefer bakery items to a large extent, Tim Tam will earn a huge profit and it will be preferred by a large number of customers (Marx et al.2014). The intermediaries in the UK market purchase the product fro m the company directly and then they sell it to the customers. The intermediaries in UK set the selling price of Tim Tam and they assure the buyers about the product. They also provide the after sales service in the UK market. Arnott is also trying to link to various global chains by outsourcing the products to UK and this will also help the business to compete in the global level (Constantinides 2014). Arnott will be in profitable stage if it chooses direct export via franchise because the intermediaries can sell the product at a much lower price and it will also help the company to compete with the other leading companies. This will also help Arnott to develop personal relationship with the customers (Hohenthal et al. 2014). Arnott will also establish a sales program and thus will help the intermediaries to represent the company in the future. The intermediaries and the company will work closely in representing the interest of the customers. The customers are regarded as the main agents of the company and thus it is important that the intermediaries are handled in a better way. The home based country of Tim Tam i.e. Australia will be in a much advantageous position and it will also reduce the risk of the company. The risk will be borne by the intermediaries when it sells its products in UK. Arnott will also be in potential risk if it operates in oversees market without nay intermediaries (Musso and Francioni 2014). Marketing Mix The product of Arnott i.e. Tim Tam is preferred by a large number of customers. Tin Tam is available in different flavors such as white chocolate, dark chocolate mint, dark chocolate, honeycomb and chocolate orange. The chocolate flavor of Tim Tam is preferred by a large number of customers and it is flavored by varieties of alcoholic liquors. The biscuit sandwiches of Tim Tam are manufactured in Indonesia. The cheese flavor of Tim Tam is also preferred by a large number of customers. The limited edition of Tim Tam was also launched in the Australian market in 2014 in different flavors such as choc brownie, salted caramel, raspberry white choc. The company also launched the peanut butter Tim Tam and the company has earned a large number of profits through this flavor (Zhou and Guilln 2015). Price Tim Tam is available in available to the customers in an affordable rate. The company launched different flavors of Tim Tam in different sizes and they are available to the customers at an attractive price. Tim Tam is also offered at a discounted price to the customers. The product is available in Woolworths and Coles and the company is trying to resist the prices of Tim Tam and other products of Arnott from rapid price hike (Keiningham et al. 2017). Place Tim Tam is available in different supermarkets as well as in retail stores. The company has chosen many distributors all over the world and it is also trying to expand in the UK market. Arnott is also trying to increase its supply chain when the other companies have increased the price of the product which is similar to Tim Tam. Arnott has set up bakeries for different products in different places in the entire Australian and the company is expanding rapidly in the global market (Sandberg 2013). 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