ADHD essays

ADD/ADHD essays Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a medical condition, caused by genetic factors that result in certain neurological differences" (The ADHD Information Library). It affects younger people 5% is a solid number supported by research. Even at 5% each classroom in America will have one or 2 ADHD kids in the class (ADHD Kids), or it can affect older people and makes life hard for these people to concentrate on even the simplest things. There are medications out there to help these people, along with different types of therapy. Even with the medication and therapy ADD/ADHD makes life very difficult for these people. People with ADD suffer from overload; they have a heightened awareness of incoming environmental stimuli. Their world tends to be too bright, too loud, too abrasive and too rapidly changing for comfort. (ADHD Kids). This means ADD/ADHD makes it hard to ignore things making them easily distracted by the smallest things. They often suffer from Making careless mistakes in schoolwork, difficulty sustaining attention to tasks, not listening to what is being said, difficulty organizing tasks and activities, losing and misplacing belongings, fidgeting and squirming while seated, talking excessively, interrupting or intruding on others, and difficulty playing quietly. There are many other complications that ADD/ADHD causes for people, such as disorientation to time and space is often a problem. For instance, they may have to stop and think which hand is their right or left. They may have difficulty following a set of instructions or reading a map. ADD people tend to be disorganized. Th ey have trouble making and carrying out plans. Many ADD people are hyperactive (ADHD Kids). As stated before more people than you may realize are affected by this disorder. Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (add-adhd, ADHD, AD/HD) is being diagnosed with i...

Clothing and Adornment in Communication essays

Clothing and Adornment in Communication essays Individual pursuit of personal adornment is universal. People of all societies have adorned themselves in some form or fashion. Adornment may be used to delineate social positions, rank, sex, occupation, local, and ethic identity or religion within a society. Clothing and adornment also communicates cultural components and the interactive nature of these components as well as the uniqueness of each culture. Below I will discuss a few topics that demonstrate what clothing and adornment communicate through culture. Both quality and quantity of possessions are indicators of economic positions. For example, English businessmen wore high, tight, white collars with heavy, stiff Edwardian suits. Thus, the term white-collar worker came into play. This term, as well as the clothing, denoted both economic success and status above that of the manual laborers, who usually wore soft-collared blue shirts. In the United States, the economic position is often displayed by the dress. Some social groups display expensive articles of clothing, while others may reject this form of ostentation. For example, in the 70's rebellion against such values as material success, work, status, and grooming was epitomized by the "hippie" lifestyle and symbolized by the jean look. Sportswear was another result of economic conditions. Until the 20th-century sports activities were a privilege of the wealthy. As working conditions improved, more people had the time to learn skills and afford to participate in sports. With this, the sportswear industry was born. Social status is the basic for clothing selections. Clothing variety can show social rank by cut, texture, trim, color, symbols, and surface enrichment. By regulating style of dress, sumptuary laws in many societies have perpetuated distinctions in social class. These laws were enacted to restrict individual clothing choices in color, motif, and style that designated rank, class, an ...

High Classical and Hellenistic Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

High Classical and Hellenistic Art - Essay Example This was the era of the Peloponnesian war, Athenian democracy, and the Persian threat. But regardless of these factors, or perhaps because of them, Greek Culture experienced an artistic revolution. Statues, for instance, became much more utilized in temples and decoration and to make public statements. These statues came in a variety of forms, from funeral statuary in graveyards to the Parthenon and the Statue of Zeus. This funeral statuary often depicted actual deceased people, thus making the graveyards a much more emotionally charged place. For example, Fragment of a Marble Grave Stele of a Woman, shows that these funeral statues were not works made to tell stories or inspire, but to elicit reverence through simplicity (MetMuseum.org) Thousands of other statues dotted the landscape, filling the homes of the wealthy or adorning the streets, depicting revered figures of Greek mythology. The artistic tradition, still developing, also came to accept nude statues of women in the High C lassical era (Stokstad). Friezes also became much more used, to decorate temples for instance. They required precision and planning to maintain structural soundness while chipping away the marble perfectly, and thus fostered the development of expert artisans. In all, the Classical period was one where Greek culture was still developing and defining itself at home, and the art of the time followed that. It was a time of new artistic advancements, and an increase in the dedication of Greek society to art. The Hellenistic period was ushered in by Greece’s new place in the world. Alexander the Great had increased the Greek Empire all the way to the fringes of India. But this did not only spread Greek Culture, it also spurred the often forgotten effect of war- the conquered had serious influences on the culture of the conqueror. Now that the Greeks had contacted and governed from people all around their world, there was a dialogue opened up, and artistic influences came along wit h those interactions. Greek art was changed greatly by all these new sways, with each culture, be it the Egyptian or Indian or Persian, inputting their own flavor into Greek art. But, again, this movement was not distinct from the High Classical period. It was merely the natural progression of artistic order, brought upon by new influences in society. Greek art still was obsessed with statuary. But the subjects of the statuary developed. No longer was it only acceptable to depict mythical models of perfection, now it was artistically acceptable to make a statue of a normal person, imperfect. With this, the wealthy Greeks did not have to decorate their homes with statues of only Greek gods and goddesses and mythical figures, but could now include statues of themselves and their family and friends in the mix. But this is not to say that the mythical statuary ceased to exist- for this is most definitely not the case. In fact, much more attention began being paid to the mythological sta tuary, and some of the most well known works, like Venus de Milo, Winged Victory of Samothrace, and Laocoon and His Sons, were from the Hellenistic period. These statues depicted mythical figures in emotionally charged situations. Their countenance had advanced from the austerity in the High Classical Era to highly realistic and expressioned. In general, these statues

Conflict of Interest Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conflict of Interest - Case Study Example For instance, let us presume that Riordan Manufacturing has a pending petition for the issuance of a patent in a government office having charge of intellectual property and this lawyer-cousin of Dr. Riordan is the head of that intellectual property office which has a judicial or quasi-judicial function over the matter; under this set of circumstances, there can be the possibility of bias or prejudice on the part of that lawyer-cousin. In such an instance, the lawyer-cousin has to inhibit himself from any participation in the intellectual property case. However, the fact that the lawyer-cousin of Dr. Riordan is a partner of Litteral & Finkel and the latter law firm is the retained outside counsel of Riordan Manufacturing does not constitute any conflict of interest nor does it pose some possibility of bias or prejudice as will be contrary to public interest, public policy or public order. Interestingly, this aspect is even moot and academic because the said lawyer-cousin is already dead. Another possible conflict of interest is in a situation where a strained relation arises between Riordan Manufacturing and Litteral & Finkel. ... Riordan is a partner of Litteral & Finkel and the latter law firm is the retained outside counsel of Riordan Manufacturing does not constitute any conflict of interest nor does it pose some possibility of bias or prejudice as will be contrary to public interest, public policy or public order. Interestingly, this aspect is even moot and academic because the said lawyer-cousin is already dead. Another possible conflict of interest is in a situation where a strained relation arises between Riordan Manufacturing and Litteral & Finkel. To illustrate, assuming that Riordan Manufacturing sustained damage because Litteral & Finkel did not well attend to a certain legal responsibility and the former sued the latter for professional misconduct. In this example, there is conflict of interest on the part of the lawyer-cousin, presuming him to be then still alive. He has to either resign from the law firm or take a full and absolute leave until the matter between Riordan Manufacturing and Litteral & Finkel is resolved. Please be it noted, however, that the degree of cousin relationship has to be of close consanguinity (by blood) as will cause a doubt in the mind of an ordinarily prudent man. Here is another instance where conflict of interest can be present. Suppose that Riordan Manufacturing has a pending controversy in court with X Company and the latter approaches Litteral & Finkel to represent it (X Company) in the case. Under this situation, Litteral & Finkel has to refuse accepting the offer for professional engagement because of apparent conflict of interest. (Conflict of Interest. Law Encyclopedia. Answers.com. [internet]) (Conflict of Interest. Rule 4-1.7. Lawyer Regulation. Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. THE FLORIDA BAR. [internet] ) References Conflict of

Personal statement undefined and My goals Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Undefined and My goals - Personal Statement Example My long term goals is to practice Human Resources Management in an organization which perceives Human Resources not as a selection and motivation department, but rather as a strategic business partner in building up a strong and healthy relation between the personnel and the senior management. Country boundaries are virtually eliminated and e-learning is an alternative way in gaining knowledge and starting a career. My plans are to pursue MSc in Human Resource Management programme in Portsmouth University. My two year programme in Economics and Management at Almaty Economic University enabled me to acquire the necessary skills and intellectual predisposition to actively work on the Human Resource area. Obtaining a degree in Human Recourses/Personnel Management from Portsmouth University will allow me to broaden my education horizon in this field and to seek employment in large corporations where I will make a difference in will add value to securing a sound and professional Human Resources department. Another benefit of the MSc in Human Resource Management programme is that is accredited by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. My decision to continue my studies in the MSc in Human Resource Management programme in Portsmouth University has taken a lot of research and I am confident that Portsmouth University is the institution which will provide the courses and ad

Critical Evaluation Of Ethnography And Grounded Theory

Critical Evaluation Of Ethnography And Grounded Theory It is obvious that research is an important element of our everyday life. Research is everywhere we go; it is background of everything we face in our present time like for example management, marketing or finance. There are two main streams of performing a particular research; it is qualitative method which is based mostly of words and statements or quantitative which involves statistics and empirical evidence. Two out of three most frequently discussed qualitative approaches which are grounded theory, ethnography and phenomenology would be discussed in this paper (Avis, 2003). In the first part of this paper I am about to discuss the main idea of ethnography. I am going to discover what is it and I would talk about the methods of research ethnographers use in order to get information they need, for making a relative conclusion. In addition, in this research paper I would to talk about what are the problems the researchers face in obtaining and evaluating obtained observations. This part would present several example of how this method could be applied in everyday life. Second part would show the differences between two approaches ethnography and positivism approach. The purpose of this part is to show the understanding of ethnographic research method from positivist perspective. Third part of this research paper would debate about second most frequently discussed qualitative approach, grounded theory. What is it, what are main notions of this research method? Moreover, I would discuss main methods and techniques of this research and the areas where it is usually applied. In addition I would pay attention on the methods of hypothesis formation and testing. In fourth part I would discuss grounded theory method from positivist point of view. I would argue why this research method would not suit positivists requirements. My argument would present the examples of how certain grounded theory research could be performed from positivist point of view. Last but not least, this research paper would present differences between two most frequent qualitative research methods, grounded theory and ethnography. Ethnography In general ethnography is a qualitative research method that recognized as a participant observation, it is the method where researcher contributes his or her time examining, communicating or cooperating with a social group. By observing and communicating with a social group researcher could understand how a particular group ties their relationships among each other, how a particular culture was built and maintained in order to keep social group together (Brown-Saracino, Thurk, Fine, 2008). Making research ethnographers mostly focused on actions and intentions of the social group. Researcher observing the social group on daily bases tries to understand what idea is behind of a particular deed or objective (Herbert, 2000). By getting new information about the group, understanding what they take for granted, ethnographer could identify structure of their actions. Detailed examination of the groups behavior on daily basis separates ethnography from other qualitative researches, like in terviews (Power, 2002). Any group of persons prisoners, primitives, pilots or patients develops a life of their own that becomes meaningful, reasonable, and normal once you get close to it, and a good way to learn about any of these worlds is to submit oneself in the company of the members to the daily round of petty contingencies to which they are subject (Goffman, 1961, pp. 9-10). There are various methods which researchers use in order to get a data about a particular group. One of the best examples of how ethnographer could participate in a groups activities is research made by Burawoy (1979), he worked as a machine operator for ten months in a Chicago factory in order to answer the question, why workers of the factory do not work harder. Some researchers were trying to achieve more close relationships with the groups of study; however, some relationships are unchangeable. Ethnographers usually balance between being insider and outsider, they are trying to see everything through the eyes of the social group ethnographers trying to analyze and in the same time trying to see whole picture in general applying theories (Taber, 2010). According to Power (2002) ethnographer has to maintain two positions at the same time. One, he or she has to be a good actor, who can engage obtained information in ongoing interaction. Second, has to be rational and logical scienti st to correctly interpret obtained information. Interviews, surveys and questioners are completely different from ethnography because rather than to examine what people say, ethnographers examine both what people say and do. There is huge gap between described relationships and reality. The fact that ethnographer can differentiate between deeds and words make ethnography more informative methodology (Liebow, 1967). Furthermore, ethnography involves more emotions and feelings. By getting inside of the social group researchers has to change his or her habits, sights and tastes. It is also an important factor in evaluation of observations (Dennison, Wintrob, Brunt, 1972). The research made by Herbert (2000) in Los Angeles Police Department involved emotional responds because witnessing of suicide had a huge impact on him and this changed the observation results. Because of emotional effect, policemans job appeared to him very tough and only for people with strong heart. Ethnography from positivists perspective. Looking on ethnographic methodology from positivist point of view, we can agree and disagree in certain extent with ethnographers epistemology. First of all, both of them, ethnographers and positivists, make some kind of observations in order to get information. However, the information ethnographers get is completely different from what positivists trying to achieve in their research. As it was mentioned before ethnography uses observations and involvement methods in order to understand what is the culture and behavior of the social group. Taking as example the experience of Burawoy (1979), ethnographer who entered society of factory workers to obtain information about why workers do not work harder. The idea of research made by Burawoy was to see the world through the eyes of those workers he was working with, understand their feelings and emotions. Whereas, positivist researcher would not try to put him or herself in shoes of another person he or she would rather employ empirical analysis in this case and for example would pay attention on such factors as what is the duration of working day, how often workers have to stay overtime, how often workers go out to smoke or everything that affects workers productivity. According to Trochim (2006) the idea of positivism is to focus on what we could examine and evaluate, everything that goes outside of this scope is considered as impossible. Also Silverman (1998) stated that there is no agreed doctrine underlying all qualitative social research. Ethnographers do not have certain rule to perform their analysis, while positivists follow certain set of rules during analysis (Avis, 2003). Date collection is general aspect of qualitative research mostly in form of words and statements, and the method of analysis they use do not involve statistics or empirical analysis (Cepeda Martine, 2005). In above paragraph I was giving the example of research made by Herbert (2000) who went to analyze policemens job. He was saying that case of suicide terrified him so much that his emotions affected his conclusion about his research. In case of positivism this is not acceptable; positivism states that this is only one truth (Somers, 1998). In case of positivism there cannot be to different interpretation of same results. Moreover, if pay attention on the speed of research performance, positivists would say that ethnography is not efficient methodology. In order to get information ethnographer has to go inside of the company and spend ten, like in case of (Burawoy, 1979), or more month in order to obtain observations from a group of people. Whereas, positivists could obtain information of the whole company roughly in same period of time. Positivism covers bigger sample size rather than ethnography (Amaratunga, Baldry, Sarshar, Newton, 2002). Grounded theory Originally, grounded theory was introduced by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967 (Strauss Corbin, 1998).Grounded theory was developed by leaning on the experience which they had in one of the Chicago school and also by taking into account the criticism; they developed their own strategy of data analysis (Glaser Strauss, 1967). Design of the research frequently relies on the reviewing literature which leads to formation of hypothesis. After this, hypothesis would be tested in the real world. Whereas grounded theory examines the realities and analyses the data without any hypothesis (Glaser Strauss, 1967). In the qualitative research the analysis of data can be described differently as the result of an interpretivist point of view on a certain event or action. In grounded theory the analysis of data includes searching for concepts which are behind the reality, by searching for codes, concepts and categories. Creation of the grounded theory passes three stages induction, deduc tion and verification (Strauss, 1987), each of them are absolutely important to formation of the new theory. Also it is important to notice that all three stages, according to Strauss, will be involved in research not consistently, and to some extent are present at each stage of research. To make the construction of theory more systematized, Glazer and Strauss offer several necessary strategies of the analysis in qualitative research. Firstly, analytical process must alternate with process of gathering information or even to go in parallel with it. Secondly, observance of this principle allows to create theoretical sampling in the process of research, purpose of which, is to represent not the investigated group of people (object of research), but the aspects, properties of characteristic or quality of the investigated phenomenon (subject of research). Theoretical sample is a process of data gathering for theory generating by means of which the analyst collects, unites, codes, analyzes the data and decide, what of them to collect at a following stage and where to search for them to develop the theory in process of occurrence. This process of data gathering is supervised by the appearing theory (Glaser Strauss, 1967). Thirdly, to make a continuous comparative analysis, this could be used at different stages of analytical process. Defining the place of the comparative analysis, in the developed methodological field, authors place it between two basic strategies, the approaches of the analysis. The first approach is the content-analysis at first the coding model must be set, and then data must be gathered regularly, estimated and analyzed on in advance certain, invariable and uniform scales for all of them which allow to give to the qualitative data, quantitative form. On the basis of the new structured data file by means of numerical model are proved preliminary put forward hypotheses (are accepted or denied). Glazer and Strauss connect second approach with a situation when it is necessary to develop some preliminary ideas or hypotheses. In this case operation of detailed coding can slow down the achievement of the objective, therefore the analyst only looks through the data for a finding of new properties of theoretical categories and writes memo s about these properties (Glaser Strauss, 1967). Such approach describes more likely an initial stage of coding and for theory construction is insufficient, as constant transformation and reintegration of the data in process of accumulation and the material review in the latter case is required. And the third corresponds to this problem, offered by authors, the approach. It connects in analytical procedures of constant comparison procedure of the developed coding the first and style of development of the theory of the second. The purpose of a method of constant comparison in which coding and the analysis, theory generating are united more regularly, than is supposed in the second approach, by means of use of the developed coding and analytical procedures. Being more systematized, than the second approach, a method of constant comparisons at the same time is not connected and with the first which is developed for preliminary testing, instead of theory opening. Grounded theory from positivists perspective. In my opinion from positivism point of view grounded theory is not quite correct decision for theory deducing. Strauss mentioned that in some cases it is better to start the research with an initial hypothesis which can be changed or evaluate during the research (Glaser Strauss, 1967). In this case I think that the initial idea can be lost which has been introduced originally in the research. Whereas from the positivists point of view the theory or hypothesis must be suggested and only then it must be tested, without changing its initially idea (Trochim, 2006). The result of this test should confirm or deny this theory or hypothesis. Use of grounded theory is useful in area as medicine; many researchers use the given approach for research of this area. For instance grounded theory was used in order to understand how Medical Family Therapy helps patients to deal with complex family dynamics that usually happens after hospitalization, also the therapy was directed to help people to av oid next hospitalization (Anderson, Huff, Hodgson, 2008). In addition, as it was mentioned by (Trochim, 2006) positivist seeking to find one single truth, whereas one of the parts of the grounded theory research is coding the possible answers of participant, this is a certain type of interpretation due to the fact that every single researcher codes information in a unique way which is not acceptable by positivist researcher (Allan, 2003). Similarities and Differences of Grounded Theory and Ethnography. Grounded theory and ethnography can be very compatible; as ethnographic studies may give the wide explanation which can be extremely valuable data, for grounded theory analysis (Glaser Strauss, 1967). Some of these compatibilities came from the similarities in the characteristics of these two approaches. Ethnography is observing and analyzing behavior in natural conditions and the grounded theory makes collecting of data in the natural conditions too. Also there are similarities in backgrounds, both grounded theory and ethnography came from sociology, but in addition to ethnography it has also anthropological background. The main focus of this approaches are different where grounded theory stands for developing the theory whereas ethnography describing and interpreting a culture. In data collection both approaches gather information through different kinds of interviews, but ethnography moved beyond using observations of other (Creswell, 2006). Conclusion In this coursework I talk about two qualitative approaches ethnography and grounded theory. These two approaches are used in many areas of our life. They help us to justify some undiscovered phenomenas that we face. They both have similarities and differences which makes them unique in certain areas. As it was mentions above ethnography focuses on describing and interpretation of culture of the certain group of people. Whereas, grounded theory is used to grounding the theory in the view of people (Creswell, 2006). I looked on these two qualitative approaches from the perspective of positivist. I found that mostly positivism do not support both of them. In my opinion both of this approaches are time consuming in discovering certain hypothesis or theory. Also, as it was mentioned above positivists are seeking for single truth, whereas in both qualitative approaches, grounded theory and ethnography, could be found multiple truths depending on research emotions, feelings and understandings. In addition, I mentioned that one more criteria that is used by positivists comparing to grounded theory and ethnography which is statistical or empirical data analysis. Only because both qualitative approaches use mostly words and statements positivists could reject such evidence.

Mohandas Ghandi Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio

Mohandas â€Å"Mahatma† Gandhi Mohandas Gandhi was easily one of the greatest political leaders of the twentieth century, yet he had no power what so ever. He was just a man, who influenced a non-violent revolt to gain India’s independence. Unfortunately after India did gain their independence, the struggle was not over. Gandhi was still in no form of power, and only was an adviser. As he had struggled throughout his life for India, been imprisoned for many years for India, it is interesting how on the evening of one of his usual prayers, an Indian waits in the crowd to kill him. On January 30th 1948, Bapu (Sanskrit for â€Å"father† commonly used with Gandhi and the â€Å"father of India†) was shot and killed, while having his nightly public walk. Mohandas Gandhi was one of the most powerful political leaders of the twentieth century, because of his strives for the independence of India through non-violent consent. Mohandas’ first enthusiasms towards non-violent resistance was discovered in South Africa when he was severely discriminated and realized something had to be done about the harsh discrimination towards blacks and Indians in South Africa. In South Africa he adopted his ideology of the devotion to the ‘truth’. â€Å"Gandhi launched his first civil disobedience campaign, using a technique he called Satyagraha, a Sanskrit word. Satya means truth and love; agraha means firmness or force. Satyagraha is often translated as â€Å"truth force.†Ã¢â‚¬ 1 He began to create a peaceful resistance, and using no violent measures. Many Indians and blacks were jailed but in the face of peaceful blacks and Indians simply trying to get more rights peacefully, the South African General had no choice but to negotiate with Gandhi, giving him his first of many vi... ...d advise violence.†5 Gandhi did not advicate cowardism, and certainly was not one. Infact Gandhi was never afraid. â€Å"If I die by the bullet of a madman, I must do so smiling. Should such a thing happen to me, you are not to shed one tear.†6 Mohandas Gandhi’s strive towards the independence and freedom of the Indian people, elevated him to being one of the most powerful and influential people in the twentieth century. Not only has he inspired people in his nation, but in countries around the world, in the struggle in peaceful and non-violent civil disobedience, instead of bloodshed. Bibliography Cheney, Glenn Alan, Mohandas Gandhi. New York: Grouer Company, 1983. Malaspina, Ann, Mahatma Gandhi: and India’s Independence. Berkeley Heights: Enslow Publishers, 2000. Mohandas Gandhi,† Wikipedia, 27th September 2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi

Consequences of Mediation of Action

Eden Ettienne Abstract #5 It issaid that community leads to meditation and as a result one looses part of his active self. A man named Robinson Crusoe was involved in a shipwreck, and for 25 years was stranded on an island, alone. He had to learn to adapt to this island and fend for himself. Although impoverished, his story was quite immaculate and extraordinary. His being on the island for so long allowed him to grow a full and intimate relationship with himself and his existence. The truth we as humans are relationalbeings and when alone for so many years, one is deprived of humanity and companionship. Marxists believe that whichever social class one is tied to is the same way he/she will earn a living. Class can have a negative or positive effect on a person. The mediation of action is something no one can undergo, and there are three consequences when involved in such. One is other people become instruments of our will when we execute our actions. Second, consequence is something that affects all of us when dealing with action. And third, meditated actions are the metaphysical distance that is introduced between human beings and their actions. Our social rehearsals for sheltering responsibility should lessenthe increasing gap between acts that are ours and those we appropriate. Meditation cannotbe rid of between ourselves. But however we can try and thwart out some of its negative effects. Loss is a result that affects both the world and us. If we fail in allowing meditation within ourselves, we have failed the community around us, and will lead to the impossibility of individual fulfillment and public kinship.

Shakespeares sonnet essays

Shakespeare's sonnet essays How plainly here the poet speaks! In the enormous plenitude of his conceptions which have not as yet found a human sphere to vent themselves, the thought occupies him that his mind as well as his body will grow old, that the exuberance, or beauty, of his intellect, now gazed on with so much admiration, the youthful freshness of his intellectual powers, which now afford him such delight, will gradually decay, some day cease to be, and that, in the field of his intellectual beauty, time will dig deep trenches. If he should then be asked where all his beauty lies, where all the treasure of his lusty days, and he be forced to reply that they were in his own, then, deep-sunken (mind's) eyes, it would be an all-devouring shame, and thriftless praise. But, how much the more would the use of his beauty praise deserve, if he could answer: "This fair child of mine shall sum up my account, and make my old, i. e. late excuse." He must therefore use his mind's beauty, display it in productions, h e must create, beget an intellectual child. By this alone can he be represented in after ages. The beauty of his creations will be pointed out by posterity as belonging to him. How delightful the consolatory reflection, that even when his intellect grew aged, when the enthusiasm of youth, his intellectual blood became cold, he could still contemplate in his creations the glowing ardour of his prime! This sonnet raises the question of the locus of self-worth: Does it lie in the self, or in the world's opinion of self? We see for the first time in the sequence the technique of double exposure, by which Shakespeare offers to alternative scenarios both responding to the same situation. In an indirect discourse, the young man that Shakespeare refers to, at the age of forty, has two possible answers to the question, "Where lies thy beauty and Where all the treasure of thy lusty days? These questions are answered by the lines, "Within my own deep-sunken e...

Urdu Language Urdu Essay Example

Urdu Language Urdu Essay Example Urdu Language Urdu Paper Urdu Language Urdu Paper The term Urdu and its origin The term Urdu derives from a Turkish word ordu meaning camp or army. The Urdu language developed between the Muslim soldiers of the Mughals armies who belonged to various ethnicities like Turks, Arabs, Persians, Pathans, Balochis, Rajputs, Jats and Afghans. These soldiers lived in close contact with each other and communicated in different dialects, which slowly and gradually evolved into present day Urdu. It is for this reason that Urdu is also referred to as Lashkari Zaban or language of the army. During its development Urdu language also assumed various names like the term Urdu-e-Maullah meaning the exalted army which was given by Emperor Shah Jahan and the term Rekhta meaning scattered (with Persian words) which was coined by the scholars for Urdu poetry. History and Evolution of Urdu Language Urdu arose in the contact situation which developed from the invasions of the Indian subcontinent by Turkic dynasties from the 11th century onwards, first as Sultan Mahmud of the Ghaznavid empire conqueredPunjab in the early 11th century, then when the Ghurids invaded northern India in the 12th century, and most ecisively with the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate. The official language of the Ghurids, Delhi Sultanate, the Mughal Empire, and their successor states, as well as the cultured language of poetry and literature, was Persian, while the language of religion was Arabic. Most of the Sultans and nobility in the Sultanate period were Turks from Central Asia who spoke Turkic as their mother tongue. The Mughals were also Chagatai, but later adopted Persian . Muzaffar Alam asserts that Persian became the lingua franca of the empire under Akbar for various political and ocial factors due to its non-sectarian and fluid nature. However, the armies, merchants, preachers, Sufis, and later the court, also incorporated the local people and the medieval Hindu literary language, Braj Bhasha. This new contact language soon incorporated other dialects, such as Haryanvi, Panjabi, and in the 17th century Khariboli, the dialect of the new capital at Delhi. By 1800, Khariboli had become dominant. The language went by several names over the years: Hindawi or Hindi, [language] of India; Dehlavi of Delhi;Hindustani, of Hindustan; and Zaban-e-Urdu, the language of he [army] camp, from which came the current name of Urdu around the year 1800. When Wali Mohammed Wali arrived in Delhi, he established Hindustani with a light smattering of Persian words, a register called Rekhta, for poetry; previously the language of poetry had been Persian. When the Delhi S ultanate expanded south to the Deccan Plateau, they carried their literary language with them, and it was influenced there by more southerly languages, producing the Dakhini dialect of Urdu. During this time Hindustani was the language of both Hindus and Muslims. The communal nature of the language lasted until it replaced Persian as the official language in 1837 and was made coofficial along with English in the British Raj. This triggered a Hindu backlash in northwestern India, which argued that the language should be written in the native Devanagari script. This Hindi replaced traditional Urdu as the official register of Bihar in 1881, establishing a sectarian divide of Urdu for Muslims and Hindi for Hindus, a divide that was formalized with the division of India and Pakistan after independence from the British, though there are Hindu poets who ontinue to write in Urdu to this day. Although there have been attempts to purge Urdu and Hindi, respectively, of their Sanskrit and Persian words, and new vocabulary draws primarily from Persian and Arabic for Urdu and Sanskrit for Hindi, this has primarily affected academic and literary vocabulary, and both national standards remain heavily influenced by both Persian and Sanskrit. English has exert ed a heavy influence on both as a co official language. Official status Urdu is the national and one of the two official languages of Pakistan, the other eing English, and is spoken and understood throughout the country, while the state-by-state languages (languages spoken throughout various regions) are the provincial languages. It is used in education, literature, office and court business. It holds in itself a repository of the cultural and social heritage of the country. Although English is used in most elite circles, andPunjabi has a plurality of native speakers, Urdu is the lingua franca and national language in Pakistan. Urdu is also one of the officially recognised languages in India and has official language tatus in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,[32] Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir and the national capital, New Delhi. In Jammu and Kashmir, section 145 of the Kashmir Constitution provides: The official language of the State shall be Urdu but the Eng lish language shall unless the Legislature by law otherwise provides, continue to be used for all the official purposes of the State for which it was being used immediately before the commencement of the Constitution. As of 2010, the English language continues to be used as an official language for more than 90% of fficial work in Kashmir. There are ongoing efforts to make Kashmiri and Dogri, spoken as mother tongues by nearly 80% of the population of Indian-administered Kashmir, as official languages alongside English. The importance of Urdu in the Muslim world is visible in the Holy cities of Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia, where most informational signage is written in Arabic, English and Urdu, and sometimes in other languages. Importance: Urdu is one of the most popular languages which are having a history of hundreds of years back. Urdu language got lots of preferences in various historical aspects. Urdu is considered as the language used by many ancient kings and it was the only language for communication in certain regions of ancient kingdoms. Ancient regions of Persian kingdom were the main areas of Urdu language. Years after Urdu language have been spread to India as one of the language in certain regions of India. In India Urdu language has been mostly used by the Muslim community. After that Pakistan has been divided from India and declared as an independent country for the Muslim community. As a result Urdu became the national language of Pakistan. Pakistan s considered as the birth place of Urdu poetry as Urdu is the main language of the common people in Pakistan. Urdu poetries are written in different forms by various experienced Urdu poets. Among the various forms of Urdu poetries Ghazal plays an important role which is a popular art form around all over the world. Ghazal has certain rules in its writing and one of the main rules is that Ghazal should end with the same words used for its starting and this rule is called ‘Radeef’. Gair Muraddaf Ghazals are a variety of Ghazals which doesn’t have a radeef. Ham Radeef Ghazals are those Ghazals with same radeef. Urdu Ghazal is an important form of Ghazal which is very much popular all over the world. Importance of urdu in pakistan Urdu holds the status of the national language of Pakistan. It is also the official language of the country and the post is also shared by English. It is understood all over the country and is the best medium of communication anywhere in the country. Urdu has been in the region since the 11th century. The rulers of that time urged the population to learn how to read and write Urdu. It is an Indo-Aryan language and is derived from three different languages which are Arabic, Turkish and Persian. The letters used in Urdu language are similar to the ones used in Arabic and Persian (Farsi) language. Though the letters are the same but the dialect and accent differs a lot. The word Urdu means army. In old times the armies in this region comprised of people from different nationalities. All had different languages and could not understand each other. A language was required which could be understood by all. Urdu emerged as the medium that linked all and was understood by all. According to different researches carried out, Urdu is not only spoken in Pakistan but also in many other parts of the world. It is one of the 23 official languages of India. It is widely spoken in Bangladesh and also in many gulf countries. There are also hundreds and thousands of Urdu speakers in the European countries and Americas. In Pakistan not more than 8% people have their first language as Urdu but the rest of the population speaks and understands Urdu as the second language. The estimated number of native Urdu speakers in Pakistan is 10. 5 million and all over the world the figure is 50 million approximately. In Pakistan alone the people who understand and speak Urdu as the first or econd language is 104 million approximately. Urdu is included as a compulsory subject in the schools and colleges of Pakistan. Urdu poetry and literature is taught and given prime importance alongside English in the institutions. The Urdu literature has a rich history and it has seen very eminent and world renowned poets like Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Mirza Ghalib. It is not only poetry but also a lot of Islamic litera ture and Sharia literature has also been written Urdu. It was even before many other languages that Sharia and Islamic literature was written and also translated in this language. Urdu has emerged as a binding force which has kept the people of Pakistan close to each other. National language A national language is a language (or language variant, i. e. dialect) which has some connection- de facto or de jure- with a people and perhaps by extension the territory they occupy. The term is used variously. A national language may for instance represent the national identity of a nation or country. National language may alternatively be a designation given to one or more languages spoken as first languages in the territory of a country. C. M. B. Brann, with particular reference to Africa, suggests that there are four quite distinctive meanings for national language in a polity:[1] ?Territorial language (chthonolect, sometimes known as chtonolect[2]) of a particular people ?Regional language (choralect) ?Language-in-common or community language (demolect) used throughout a country ?Central language (politolect) used by government and perhaps having a symbolic value. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Urdu theurdulanguage. com/Downfall. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/National_language

The business of water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The business of water - Essay Example This paper illustrates that since water companies began to be privatised, there has been an ongoing debate from both the political and social circles regarding the sustainability of private water companies. The debate has brought together political movements, labour movements and major corporations with each side having a conflicting opinion regarding privatising water services. There is a common pattern in developed countries regarding the improvement of water and sanitation services. In many countries across the world, water provision services began as early as the 17th century. However, such services were only used by people of a higher social class and state departments such as the fire brigades. The subsequent development of urban centres saw an influx of people towards cities thus creating a water crisis. Water ceased to become an incentive but a requirement for almost every household in the urban areas. Despite the fact that the previous water and sanitation services were oper ated by private entities, municipalities and urban councils took over the provision of water services to address the rising acute water shortage. France, however, maintained the status quo and private water companies continued to operate independently which explains why the largest water companies in the world are France’s Suez and Veolia. Those in support of municipalities taking over water and sanitation services argued that the state bodies had the ability to address the inefficiencies in water provision by private contractors.

Comparing between harvey norman and wesfarmers ( financially) Essay

Comparing between harvey norman and wesfarmers ( financially) - Essay Example On the other hand, stock price appreciates almost exclusively through good financial results. Through the use of financial analysis, this paper compares the performance of two companies Harvey Norman and Westfarmers in different financial aspects namely liquidity, profitability, asset efficiency and capital structures. The company’s ability to generate wealth for its stockholders is the ultimate measure of the financial performance of a business organization and should become the basis of where to invest. It should be noted that as opposed to creditors, companies have little liability to its stockholders. Before dividends are paid, current liabilities are first settled together with long term obligations. In fact, payments to stockholders are not required. Thus, stockholders have the last claim in the company’s earnings and if it is able to keep much for them after other liabilities are settled, the business organization’s stock is considered as a better investment. In this consideration, this paper recommends the use of return of equity as the sole ratio for the investment decision. Thus, investment in Harvey Norman appears to be more profitable than Westfarmers. It should be noted that during the fiscal year 2007, Harvey Norman’s return on equity is 26.74% which represents an increase of 8.7% from the 18.04% recorded in 2006. This is much higher than the 0.125% recorded by Westfarmers in 2007. Thus, we recommend that funds should be better invested in Harvey Norman as it has a better ability of maximizing shareholder wealth through higher