Access to health care system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Access to health care system - Essay Example 83). It is said that infant mortality and life expectancy provide a glimpse of the population health; meaning, this signals a problem for the U.S. healthcare system. France has a public-private collaboration of hospital and ambulatory care, reinforced by higher resources of care and services. Ambulatory care for the poor is provided by both the U.S. federal and local government units which can be attained from county or municipal hospital, local health authorities, or other not-for-profit health organizations. France’s current health insurance scheme encompasses about 80% of the French population, including illegal immigrants, and spends about 9.5% of its gross domestic product (GDP) for healthcare. The U.S. spends 16% of its GDP for healthcare. Canada spends about 10% of GDP for healthcare annually (Romanow, 2005, p. 527) and ranks eighth in global healthcare spending (OECD, 2008 as cited in Kelly & Tazbir, 2014, p. 49). Access to healthcare does not only mean large spending in healthcare services but needs a system involving a collaborative effort from the various sectors of society to answer to the increasing demand of healthcare from a growing population. Canada and France spend a smaller share of their GDP on healthcare than the United States does, but in statistics on infant mortality and life expectancy they appeared to be better (Wendel et al., 2014). In a survey on patient satisfaction, Canadians and Americans had quite the same results, 46% for Canadians and 40% for Americans, saying that they were â€Å"fairly or very satisfied† (Richard-Kortun, 2010, p. 123). A study by O’Neill and O’Neill (2007 as cited in Wendel et al., 2014) compared U.S. and Canada healthcare data, focusing on cancer incidence and mortality rate. Healthcare reflects population health. The authors revealed that cancer-related deaths were higher in the U.S. than in Canada, for both men and women. The authors also revealed

Internet Marketing †Acquisition and Retention Essay Example for Free

Internet Marketing – Acquisition and Retention Essay The methods of conducting business have really changed as the impact of globalization has causes several flexibilities and easiness in our lifestyles and daily life. Many businesses find it costly to open it in a physical location and expanding through outlets, which often does not target large audience. Therefore, many businesses are starting through internet where they can target customers from all over the world, market their products or services easily and economically, and get payments right away. Not only this, those businesses that do not operate virtually and have physical locations are finding it more effective and financially beneficial to market their products through internet, and that what is called Internet Marketing. Internet marketing also contains the elements of Direct Marketing, where the promotion of products is done online such as, websites (ResearchStarters, 2008). It does not mean that when businesses are started online they would always save costs and be successful; in fact, many businesses fail due to several factors and one significant of them is poor marketing strategies. Of course, the consumers would not have any idea that a new business has started that for instance, sells soccer jerseys, through its website. The target market should have to be made aware of that business, the products, new offers/deals, customer value, feedback, etc. Therefore, all this requires the business to use effective marketing tools and strategies where it can convey the message to the audience, impress them, convince them to purchase, and provide feedback. Businesses can use online marketing strategies such as, designing websites that grab the attention of the customers at first sight, force them to explore, make them realize that they are everything for the company, provide them with ease in shopping online, and let them give a chance to give a feedback. Moreover, businesses can also use the strategy of mass-emailing to the customers or potential customers whether they are individuals or other entities. Placing ads on popular and most-visited websites is another strategy but is quite expensive. And finally, the use of social networking websites such as, Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace, is lucrative since it is inexpensive and targets wide range of audience. Customer Acquisition and Retention There is absolutely no doubt about the fact that it takes a business much more to spend in acquiring new customers than to retain the old or present customers. The reason being that the acquisition of new customers require the business to conduct market research, target them in a new way, shape the products or services according to their needs, reposition the brand that might damage it, and shape the marketing strategies accordingly. These all result in occurring more and more costs for the company; whereas, retaining old or present customers is quite prolific since they have already tried the products, have an image for it, know the company and its reputation, and most importantly can result in promoting them through word-of-mouth. Other marketing strategies for retaining such customers include offering them membership programs, building good relationships with them, increasing the contact with them, asking them for feedback about whether they are satisfied or not, enhancing support for them, and making them realize that they are part of the database and are given importance (Hughes, 2010). Moreover, retention of customers require the company to reshape and bring innovative features and qualities in their products to make those dormant customers restart buying the products if they have stopped to. There is a rule called 80/20 rule, which means that 80% of the revenue comes from 20% of the loyal customers. Therefore, businesses should not feel bothered if they have to invest more on those customers because they are providing them with more sales. So, companies can conduct sales promotion activities or other marketing campaigns for rejuvenating them and milking them. Also, when businesses get to know that their certain customers have stopped buying the products, they should conduct surveys where they should ask the customers what were the reason due to which they stopped buying, what flaw they saw in it, what improvements they want, etc (Businessfast4ward, 2010).

Life In A Medieval Castle

Life In A Medieval Castle Life during the middle ages began at sunrise, when one of the guards sounded the days start. Servants had already begun to make sure that the fires were lit in the kitchen and great hall. Breakfast was not served until mid day. During this time the servants got time to complete their chores while the soups were cooking in the kitchen. All floors had to be cleaned and wash buckets, which were called basins, had to be washed out. Once the lord and the lady of the house woke up, the maids entered into their quarters, and they cleaned and emptied chamber pots, washed the basins, and the laundry woman also began to do the days laundry. The lord and the lady got well dressed before leaving their quarters to go to mass. They always wore elegant clothing which showed their status but also kept them very warm. After a small breakfast was eaten and the lord and his family went to mass. Once the morning service was complete, the lord dealt with the days business. At mid-morning, dinner was serv ed. Dinner was the main meal of the day. During dinner there was usually entertainment and much food. When dinner was finished, the lord may take his knights or special guests hunting while the lady may do embroidering. Usually the lady did not because she oversaw the castle and did not have time. Supper which was different from dinner, was usually eaten right before bedtime. It marked the end of the day for everyone in the castle. After supper the lord and the lady would go to their quarters and the servants would retire to their quarters. This was the almost daily routine of life in a castle. However, life in a castle was not all work. Hunting and hawking were greatly enjoyed by everyone in the castle and when the lord hunted, delicious and sometimes rare animals were brought to the table as food. Some of the past times were quite dangerous. These involved tournaments and rough ball, which was similar to football. Adults and children alike, enjoyed games such as the blind mans blu ff. This game involved tying a players head with a blind fold, and he would chase the other players. To pass time indoors, people played board games and listened to musicians or storytellers. Storytellers would narrate the stories of heroes such as Arthur and his knights. Though life in the middle ages involved a lot of work, the people in the castle enjoyed great entertainment. In a castle, almost everyone had a specific responsibility. The lord was the head of the castle. The lady spent much of her time supervising their work, as well as overseeing the cooking of meals in the kitchen. One of her responsibilities was running the household, managing production, and maintaining adequate supplies. She had to know which rents and fees were owed to the household. The lady also supervised the embroiderers who had the responsibility of making the clothes for the people in the castle and keeping the lady company. In addition, the ladies were responsible for overseeing the education of the young pages. The parents of the children usually devoted little time to them and those children were quickly thrust in to the adult world. Children usually became part adults at age 12 and were allowed to bear arms. Aristocratic children usually had very little contact with their parents. They were usually raised by nurses. The boys had to perform various services for the lord of the castle such as protect the arms and care for his horses. When the boy reached majority, which was usually at age 15, the fathers rule over him came to an end and the boy was considered an adult with full rights. At that point, the boy was a free, responsible individual who set up their own household. Girls were responsible to learn how to run a household and to raise children when they were old enough. These kinds of responsibilities allowed a castle life to run more smoothly. Castles in the medieval times were very uncomfortable and hardships were plenty. A castle had no central heating. The main fireplace heat was saved for the lord and the lady. They were fortunate to have heavy blankets, mattresses made of feathers, fur covers, while the workers had to sleep in the towers which got unbearably cold and damp, especially at night time. The attendants were sometimes lucky to stay with their master or mistress. They slept on the floor but they were able to get some of the heat coming out of the fireplace. When it was summer, everyone enjoyed the warm weather outside because the castle was still cold inside. Workers wrapped themselves in covers which helped them stay warm during cold times. The castle was also a very busy place. Ship and pigs would roam freely around the castle. With the loud noise of all the people in the castle, it caused a busy atmosphere with a loud noise. Hygiene was normal for the people in the middle ages. They took bathes, washed the ir hands, and brushed their teeth. However, disposal of human waste was not as good. Most castles did not have any plumbing which meant that the waste would remain in one place until it was cleaned by the chamber maids. These conditions may seem bad but they were better than the conditions of a lower class citizen. The code of chivalry and courtly love had a significant influence on the life of nobles. The code of chivalry affected knights in particular. The code of Chivalry came to mean an idealization of the life and manners of a knight at home in his castle and with his court. Courtly love also had strict rules. It was practiced all over Europe. The rules of courtly love allowed nobles to show how they really felt for each other. This kind of event was common between nobles and ladies. The harshness of the castles made them less than desirable to live in but for the lord and lady it was better than the common peoples homes. The life of individuals involved hard work life for the average person during the Middle Ages was very routine but they enjoyed entertainment as well. Everyone in the castle had a specific responsibility which made life run more efficiently even though a castle was busy and very loud. The code of chivalry and courtly love also were a great part of life. They dictated how a noble should lead their lives and how to hold themselves when with others. This was life in the middle ages. Books Blackwood, Gary L. Life in a Medieval Castle. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 2000. Print. Bouchard, Constance Brittain. Strong of Body, Brave and Noble: Chivalry and Society in Medieval France. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1998. Print. Brochard, Philippe, and Patrice Pellerin. Castles of the Middle Ages. Morristown, NJ: Silver Burdett, 1980. Print.. Gravett, Christopher. Castle. New York: Knopf, 1994. Print. Hinds, Kathryn. Life in the Middle Ages. New York: Benchmark, 2001. Print. Jordan, William C. Family. The Middle Ages. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1996. 79-81. Print. White, T. H. The Once and Future King. New York: Ace, 1987. Print. Encyclopedias Castle The New Encyclopedia Britannica Macropedia. ed. 2005. Print. Jordan, William C. Family. The Middle Ages. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1996. 79-81. Print.

What its Like to be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith Essay -- Papers Sm

An explanation in its purest form of â€Å"What it’s like to be a Black Girl (for those of you who aren’t)† by Patricia Smith, is just that, an explanation. From the first three syllables â€Å"First of all,† the author gives a sense of a story being told. She uses jagged sentence structure and strong forceful language to also show the reader the seriousness of her topic. Smiths poem gives the audience an insider’s view into a young black girl’s transition into black woman-hood at a time where both being a black girl and a black woman was not as welcomed. Puberty is usually defined by the biological changes a young boy or girls body undertakes around the age of 9 up until about 14. â€Å"It’s being 9 years old and feeling like you’re not finished,† writes Smith, â€Å"like your edges are wild, like there’s something, everything, wrong.† (Smith, 4) These thoughts have run around the minds of almost every puberty stricken youngster. However, Smiths subject seems to also have the added pressures of a racially jagged society. This â€Å"black girl† she refers to in her poem is feeling the awkwardness of...

Nstp 1 Essay

Taking up NSTP 1 is fun and informative at the same time. I have learned many things from the beginning of the lecture about the bill of rights, up to the last meeting . Also I learned much about the environment and known whatever I learned there, will never be forgotten just that I should be able to apply the knowledge I have acquired. Before , I thought that disasterjust cause destruction to human lives and material but the truth is it also disrupts the function of society. I also found out that the reason why disaster occur is not onlybecause of the climate change or unbalanced ecosystem, but also because of the â€Å"low level of political and social organization â€Å" , which has been discussed by Mr. Abraham so I realized, in order to prevent disasters, we should be united, organized and start doing good things for the environment. Ihad a lots of fun listening to the lecture about drugs too, although I have completely made up my mind not to take any harmful dgurs, the informatio have lheard will be of great help. I will be more careful not to trust strangers,now that I know that there is ROHYPNOL, the ‘Date Rape Drug’ which cause amnesia, fatigue, dizziness to the victim. I really enjoyed the lessons about Disaster and Risk Management, I learned about how to be safe in times of disasters like earthquakes,tsunami and many more. In NSTP 1 , I have been taught to be responsible adult. The last lecture encourage memore participate since it is in factone of our basic human rights which we often neglect. I also made up my mind that I will be taking for NSTP II because I want to help children and share what I know without asking for anythingin return. By doing simple things, we can contribute to our nation’s development because remember that big things come from small things.

Benefits of Using the Internet

The advent of the Internet has become one of the most important manmade inventions during the twentieth century. With the use of the Internet everyone can easily access live weather reports, prepare travel reservations and research on a foreign country without leaving their computer. Certainly everyone wants to veils someplace around the world they can call paradise, I know do; and the paradise I would love to veils one day Is Boar Boar.I never heard of Boar Boar until I watched a popular television show titled â€Å"Keeping up with The Sardinian. † In one of the episodes of â€Å"Keeping up with the Sardinian† the family took an exciting trip to Boar Boar, and they participated in many entertaining activities that I would like to try someday such as Jet skiing, exploring the country's exotic wildlife, scuba diving in the ocean, etc. While browsing the Internet I learned the history of the Boar Boar, which is part of the Society Islands of French Polynesia located in th e Southern Pacific Ocean.It Is approximately 160 miles northwest of Athol and about 2,600 miles south of Hawaii. An Interesting fact about Boar Boar Is that after the bombing of Pearl Harbor the united States entered World War II and chose Boar Boar as a South Pacific military supply and aviation base as well as constructed multiple defensive forts. During this period the island of Boar Boar and its U. S. Military presence was known as â€Å"Operation Bobcat. † It maintained a supply force of nine ships, 20,000 tons of equipment and nearly 7,000 men.Seven massive naval cannons were set up at strategic points around the island to protect it against potential anti-U. S. Military threats. The use of the Internet assisted me to found out more interesting facts about Boar Boar. For Instance I typed out â€Å"Where is Boar Boar located? At Google search. And according to Google, Boar Boar is a tropical Island In French Polynesia that Is located In the middle of the Pacific Ocean h alfway between Australia and the united States of America.I also typed out, â€Å"Why Is Boar Boar one of the best ultimate tropical vacation getaway? ‘ It stated that the island has pristine white sand beaches, clear blue lagoons, tropical vegetation over dramatic volcanic peaks, and numerous beautiful tourist resorts. In addition, the Internet informed me useful traveling and educational information about country's culture, socioeconomic statuses, weather forecast, demographics, and such more. The predominant languages spoken among the indigenous and non- indigenous people are French, English and Titian.The weather in Tahiti is similar to the island of Guam and normally has two seasons: the wet season and the dry season. If tourists want to find out when Is the best period to travel to Boar Boar, they can browse the website at www. Overindulgence's. Com. Lastly, the Island of Boar Borax's geographic landscape Is 29. 3 km (1 1. 31 square miles), set In a turquoise lagoon tha t is surrounded by a string of small islands, and Mount Ottoman has a The Internet has become a significant and marvelous tool to billions of people's daily lifestyle at their work, school, and home around the world.Accessing information electronically can be quick and easy in a manner of seconds. It has revolutionized the social network that made politicians implement new laws so they can monitor and prevent any national or international potential threats or crimes from occurring; it has assisted businesses in improving the process of economic globalization and marketing; and it allows people from all ages to communicate with their family and rinds members across the world.My draft question: wintertime's show how people are using internet to find out the real story about the place. Before the internet you have to relay on the travel brochure/agent. What happened in recent years that may people may not trust company in business†¦.. Peer reviewers Familiar what is going on in th e internet†¦ 1. Find a place where you want to visit (building -hotel, park, neighborhood, market etc.. ) 2. What did you learned and find out about the place that you would not known that places. 3. This is to aware that there are places that is

John Bergers way of seeing essays

John Berger's way of seeing essays The ways the image and texts are interpreted are based on interpreters perception, belief, past history and interpretation of events. In John Bergers book, Ways of Seeing, the writer explores the way we view and interpret the art. The message provided by the writer relates to interpretation of the message. In the book (both in text and image) there is a message about the relationship of men and women and presence of their power and position. Berger starts his essay with: "It is seeing which establishes our place in the surrounding world; we explain that world with words, but words can never undo the fact that we are surrounded by it" (Berger, 7). In the very beginning of his essay, Berger implies to his readers that it is actually seeing which develops our thoughts and meanings. Using these thoughts and meanings, we interpret our surrounding with words. This very clearly underlines that we describe what we see and what we make of what we see. John Berger's central insight - that "the way we see things is structured by what we know or what we believe" is an insight into how Berger views and acknowledges the fact that what we interpret an image, text or an event according to our knowledge and believe. Yet the clearest indication of Bergers statement that what we view is based on our perception, is in the first chapter itself where he mentions, "Yet, although every image embodies a way of seeing, our perception or appreciation of an image depends also upon our own way of seeing. (11). One of the most interesting aspects of this work of Berger is the manner in which he underlines the relationship between the men and women. It is worthwhile to discuss the observations and find out what they mean. Chapter 2 and 3 of the book are devoted to the images women and how the presence of Man differs from the women. Men dream of women. Women dream of themselves being dreamt of. ...

Giordano assessing ways to expand a retail business Essay Example

Giordano assessing ways to expand a retail business Essay Example Giordano assessing ways to expand a retail business Paper Giordano assessing ways to expand a retail business Paper Successful global players have to create a virtuous cycle of self-reinforcing benefits that will give them the ability to redefine the economics of the retailing industry and, ultimately, to establish strategic control around the world. Many specialty retailers have established solid cross-border positions by building and transferring global brands. Clothing chains like Gap and Zara are following in the footsteps of veteran cross-border operators like IKEA, Hennes Mauritz, and CA. Retailers have attempted to expand across borders in the traditional way replicating domestic business systems and retaining full ownership, an approach that tends to be costly and slow to yield value, will be fail because they have not invested sufficiently in intangibles. Ways to expand across borders for Giordano Choosing sliver Giordano can leave manufacturing to other companies; a few outsource logistics; and some franchise store operations. As the advancement of technologies has proved, a globalizing economy drives more and more companies to specialize in ever smaller business slivers. In globalizing environment, Giordano will have to make more careful choices about slivers to own, which to control without owning, and which to off-load entirely. The choice depends on cash flow and capital requirements, risk, competitive advantage, and the importance of a sliver to a companys retail proposition. Gap, for instance, owns most of its slivers including product development, assortment planning, and branding which create enormous value for the company and probably couldnt be executed more satisfactorily by any partner today. Another example, Carrefour owns its assortment-planning sliver, but it relies on its vendors to develop and brand most of the products it sells. Both Gap and Carrefour tend to own the stor e operations sliver. On the other hand, McDonald sells it to franchisees because the company can do so without relinquishing control. : Giordano might able to make different choices in different market environments. For example, the company can have multiple ownership and operating structures such as franchises, joint ventures, and wholly and partly owned subsidiaries to reducing risk, in emerging one. Giordano will have to decide whether owning or off-loading their sliver is more likely to enhance their access, scale, and expertise and hence to raise returns for expand geographically. Get comfortable partnering Leading globalizers in industries have shown how to enter partnerships without losing control of the business. The concept of forming joint ventures or other kinds of partnerships have established. For example, Amazon.com are exerting themselves to build alliances with companies like LiveBid, Drugstore.com, and HomeGrocer.com to get leads, enhance their distribution systems, and build brand equity in new markets. But as the industry fragments into smaller slivers, these companies will have little choice but to entertain the idea if they want to endure and thrive. Giordano able to create a relationship with the global departmental stores like Sieyu, Isetan, and others for selling its products. As retailers get better at managing relationships and as stronger local partners emerge, the trend to form cross-boarder partnerships will accelerate. Such partnerships will become ticket to the global game. Invest in intangible assets Brands and reputation A global platform is built on powerful brands. Global brand need to create from a distinctive value proposition: benefits that appeal to consumers at a price they like. As the company move from a country to another, they must tailor their value propositions to address different consumer preferences, but without stretching their brands too far or destroying attractive profit formulas. Strong brands should have clear personalities that are relevant to consumers and reinforced at every possible point of contact with them. Strong brand requires presence; the brand must be made totally visible in the marketplace. Traditionally, retailers have used their store networks to do this, but the emergence of the Internet and global film, television, and magazine vehicle now makes it possible to do so more rapidly and efficiently. Proprietary technology, know how, and tools Retailers have to exploit know-how and technology for competitive advantage. Retailers invest only 1 to 3 percent of sales in IT and are therefore missing opportunities to improve customer access, to raise their service levels, and to develop critical global business efficiencies. For example, Carrefour now successfully exports tailored versions of its business model, including operations and accounting systems, across geographies. Giordano should make it possible for customers to try on clothing over the World Wide Web like Lands End. People, talent, and skills To support globalization efforts, Giordano will have to develop their skills: managing partnership, building global brands, renewing concepts, and managing people. Upon entering a market, the Giordano companies should have a team of local retail experts and corporate entrepreneurs. When the local operation has matured sufficiently, the company moves its entrepreneurial managers onward to newer markets, and the local team takes over the management of the store. Over time, such practices make people a true intangible asset and source of competitive advantage. Keep expenses and capital requirements low The physical complexity of retailing and local market conditions can drive up costs. Giordano have managed by their need for capital relatively low by franchising or renting rather than owing stores. They might able to consider creating turn key store operations that can be off-loaded to local partner, which would bear the capital costs of owning sites while reaping the benefits of world wide branding and economies of scale. But retailer capable of generating very high sales per square foot might find that it still makes sense for them to own stores, at least if they can sustain a lower capital-to-sales ratio. In the fashion industry, a high degree of complexity is a necessary cost of doing business. Indeed, manufacturing to a lot size of one is already a reality in fashion in a location. However, Giordano should keep complexity under control, allowing for it only when it makes a perceptible difference to the ultimate consumer and the consumer is willing to pay for it. The company s hould avoid changing the basic fabrics every season every new model, and limit the proliferation of variants to the product segments where the market is willing to pay for the extra choice. Rethink product development to cut time to market For fashion companies, getting this process under control has always been a must. Leading companies are rethinking their underlying product development technology to cut development time by up to 70 percent. At present, development can be a lengthy process in some of the short product life industries. In fashion, it ranges between 3 to 4 months. If your new fashion collection is not out in time for the trade shows, you go out of business.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 148

Essay Example She does not want to leave her friend but she has to. Sappho too is unhappy because they had become so attached with her friend since their youthful days. In their society, they view marriage to be full of hardship and suffering In this poem, Sappho’s characteristics can be labeled as sociable, sophisticated and affectionate. These characteristics can be drawn from the way she portrays herself in the poem, talking about her friend, and reminiscing moments. Sappho is sociable because she had made close ties with the persona to an extent that parting caused them pain. The two believed that the ties between women-friends was more valuable as compared to that between a woman and her husband. Most of these marriages had been planned, and so the girls had little choice on who they wedded. This is seen when the persona tells her â€Å"it is not by choice, I don’t want to leave you†. She did not want to be parted from her childhood friend because she did not want to lose their companionship. Sappho is also loving. In the poem, she tells her friend that she should not forget her and that she should always remember the good time they shared together. She also reminds her friend of how well she took care of her.in Sappho; the persona had not only found a friend but a mentor and a confidant. They spent most time laying side by said and she mentions a soft bed where her and her friend could satisfy their desires. She describes the personas shoulders as soft showing how much admiration and love she had for her. Sappho can also be said to be sophisticated.in her poem, she reminds her friend about the wreaths of violet and roses that she wore, the necklaces and perfumes. She describes the perfume as precious and fit for royalty. She describes the braids her friend had plaited as s woven for flowes, showing how much she admires the fact that they were beautiful. This shows that she is classy and sophisticated. This characteristic will relate to me personally as I

Broadcasting Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Broadcasting Industry - Essay Example The CSA also commands and gives financial support for academic research projects for communication. CSA has consultative powers and safeguards the general interests of viewers. It also licenses radio and TV commercial and public, terrestrial and cable and satellite. It conducts research and monitoring and considers complaints. A 1994 ruling negated the fact that the CSA has regulatory powers but it can take decisions that may be of general significance. Government has overall responsibility for the public sector especially in drawing up terms and conditions. CSA powers are limited to supervising the proper implementation of these requirements, although its opinions are binding. Cable operating networks have to seek authorization from the commune or groups of communes involved before seeking CSA approval. The Public Prosecutor consults the CSA before issuing satellite licenses. A 1989 judgement removed the CSA's power to determine general rules for programming. In addition to guarantees concerning pluralism, the CSA can also impose specific requirements in respect of terms and conditions. ... CSA can fine but cannot withdraw public licenses, but publishes observations. CSA can give notice to private licensee to comply with its requirements, suspend, reduce or withdraw licenses, impose financial penalty, and can order a statement to be broadcast. Codes of practice CSA code of practice for the protection of children and young people was introduced in 1996. It obliges broadcasters to issue warnings for certain programs. Cultural Diversity Defending and promoting French culture is the cornerstone of French broadcasting regulation. All governments have shared the view of media products being different from other merchandise. This is because media promote the country's identity and image. In Europe, it led to the EU's "Television without Frontiers"; directive, which recognised the principle of quotas in 1989. At the national level, this means obligations and restrictions as well as provisions to encourage national, French-language productions. These quotas are such that approximately 60% of movies and series broadcast in France have to be European and 40% from French-speaking countries. The quota system applied for radio stations should promote French singers, requiring 40% of songs to be in French or in a regional language (Eumap, 2005, 695.). Recently, the representation of the society's cultural diversity has also become an issue in French broadcasting as part of a general political agenda. The diversity of French society is reflected poorly on French television, but regulation is very difficult to implement. One reason for this is the French constitution in which all citizens are considered equal, whatever their origin. Ethnic groups are not to be identified and cannot be counted, and only negative discrimination can lead to legal

MANAGEMENT DEFINITION AND FUNCTIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MANAGEMENT DEFINITION AND FUNCTIONS - Essay Example In the past few years; health care sector has undergone dramatic changes ranging from, changing client characteristics to contributions of technology among others. These inputs directly impact on provision as well as management of the healthcare sector. Changing demographic patterns is a factor which impacts on facilities and specialization of healthcare providers. Current increase in the population of old people calls for development of specialty and wellness programs, to promote healthy aging. In addition; though an ever-present condition, diseases and illnesses have taken a different dimension, as some recur after long periods of absence. However, the sector faces constraints from increasing autism and childhood obesity (Liebler and McConnell 3.) Despite facing constraints from increasing diseases in the current generation, healthcare services adhere to laws and regulations. Such policies are made by the federal government for the benefit of all citizens and imply to private as well as public institutions. Such laws mainly focus on the increasing cost of health services that make it inaccessible to majority poor. Healthcare service fees face increments due to advancements in technology as well as pharmaceuticals among others (Liebler and McConnell4). However; in the face of increasing number of new diseases and infections; inputs such as, technology and pharmaceuticals are important aspects in ensuring effective delivery of healthcare services. In addition, increasing costs of healthcare services force government and insurers to act upon the sectors money. As a result, this forces healthcare providers to operate on less money than they actually require (Liebler and McConnell 5). Income limitations on the healthcare sector thus; forces the providers to close, down size or form large systems which take advantage of economies of

Course Work 1 case summary and report Coursework

Course Work 1 case summary and report - Coursework Example The summery presents a court case on assisted murder. The summery has a number of mistakes that lead to reduced clarity. There are errors associated with grammar mistakes such as wrongly spelt words, unclear phrases, wrong punctuations, and wrong use of words. The summery does not consider the use of law or court language. Again, it is a bit unclear on the court ruling given that the summery only indicate five court ruling without any informed conclusion. Grammar Errors A number of words are wrongly spelt or their use brings unintended meaning. Misspelled words include euthanasia, in the first paragraph, defense in the second paragraph, parliament in the third paragraph, un-proportionate in the fourth paragraph, forcibility, Switzerland, and foresee in paragraph six. The word â€Å"weather† is used in paragraphs two and four to imply â€Å"whether.† Unclear Phrases/Sentences and wrong punctuations The summery has some unclear phrases and sentences whose usage makes it d ifficult to understand the summery. A phrase like, â€Å"The applicants were really badly disabled,† is incorrect since it uses two adverbs to show the degree of disability. At most one adverb had to be used. A case like, â€Å"So what the Court had to decide was whether there was†¦,† is not clear in terms of whether the court was supposed to do so or it was exactly what the court did. The sentence should be, â€Å"The Court decided on whether there was†¦,† The summery has other related cases of poor sentence structures, and poor punctuations (Summary of R. V. Nicholson , 2013). Use of Law Language The summery depicts a court case but makes use of only a few words that create an impression of a court ruling. Instead of using words like â€Å"brought† to imply the case opening, the words, â€Å"†¦presented before the court†¦,† could have been used. The summery also avoids the use of court case word such as plaintiffs, defendants, accused, prosecutor, charge, and offense among others. Such worlds bring in a court mood. Again, there is no conclusion on the court ruling. The court only breaks the case into five offenses but there is no aspects like a conclusion on the charges placed on the offenders. Corrections to such mistakes would make the summery clear and more understandable. Case Summery of RV Nicholson The case was presented before the Court of Appeal on July 31, 2013 by Nicholson alongside other plaintiffs. This happened after a decision about assisted suicide case and euthanasia was made by the European Court of Justice. In the case, it was claimed that the applicants were completely disabled and thus they could hardly commit suicide without assistance. The case was ruled under Section 2 of the Suicide Act 2010, which says that it is unlawful to assist a person in committing suicide. Based on the Act, it was held that the accused (the assistants of the suicides) were guilty of murder. Again, the FPP provided orders on when the accused would be prosecuted. Such an advice was provided with respect to the Purdy v United Kingdom case of 2010. AC45. The court ruling was open for the accused to defend themselves by clarifying their defense side. The court wanted clarifications on whether there were any defense attempts by the disabled individuals. The court further held that the accused did not observe Article 8 of Human Rights Act 1950. This

Role of genetics in childhood obesity Research Paper

Role of genetics in childhood obesity - Research Paper Example This essay "Role of genetics in childhood obesity" outlines if the children of obese parents are susceptible to obesity. Even in old times, when the science of genetics did not exist, it was a common knowledge that children inherited many things from their parents, families and ancestors like the color of their hair, the color of the eyes, height, physique and many other things. In the light of this common observation, it would not be wrong to conclude that like the color of their eyes, color of their hair, height, children also inherit a strain for obesity from their parents and families. The more recent scientific studies in the field of genetics have further established that like many other health problems and attributes, obesity in children could also be attributed to a genetic or in other words hereditary link (Smith 1). A recent scientific research which happened to be based on a close collaboration between many related studies has found out that obesity also tends to have a ge netic component. Till a few decades ago, it was strongly believed that people or families who had faulty lifestyles and unhealthy dietary preferences were more likely to get obese. However, this study and many other such studies are forcefully pointing towards the fact that childhood obesity may not be the result of defective lifestyles, but rather a defective gene or genes. Even if people with faulty lifestyles are more prone to obesity, it may that a particular gene in their genetic makeup may be pushing them to stick to unhealthy diet and lifestyles.

Field Experience report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Field Experience report - Assignment Example Visiting Smithsonian Air and Space Museum may be a profitable affair to school boys and girls of different grades and in the process of studying a large number of subjects. In present days Smithsonian Air and Space Museum preserves a big number of showpieces, what have been mentioned above. To the quantity of these artifacts we may append â€Å"historic aircraft and space artifacts† and also â€Å"engines, rockets, uniforms, spacesuits, balloons, artwork, documents, manuscripts, and photographs† (Smithsonian Air and Space Museum, 2014). Any child while observing such variety of showpieces intended to visit this place one more time. It should be admitted that visiting Smithsonian Air and Space Museum will be rather useful and curious for the High School children that acquire the 8 Grade in their schools. The matter is that pupils have 13-14 years old in that time, and in such case they are able to percept the information and represented artifacts in serious dimension. Museum under investigation introduce artifacts that bear serious information, and smaller children may not understand all significance of presented ideas. It is the fact that cannot be claimed about pupils of the 8 Grade, as at that time they make first steps on the road of adult life. That is why my position represents the concept that visiting such serious place will be interesting and useful for High School children. The subject that is chosen is considered to be History. Smithsonian Air and Space Museum contains artifacts and documents that may provide a helping hand for students in the space of historical evidences. This museum represents â€Å"the collection of rare and historically significant aircraft and spacecrafts† that may seem to be useful and relevant materials for students who are interested in the history of USA (Smithsonian Air and Space Museum, 2014). Moreover, for those students who

Course Work 1 case summary and report Coursework

Course Work 1 case summary and report - Coursework Example The summery presents a court case on assisted murder. The summery has a number of mistakes that lead to reduced clarity. There are errors associated with grammar mistakes such as wrongly spelt words, unclear phrases, wrong punctuations, and wrong use of words. The summery does not consider the use of law or court language. Again, it is a bit unclear on the court ruling given that the summery only indicate five court ruling without any informed conclusion. Grammar Errors A number of words are wrongly spelt or their use brings unintended meaning. Misspelled words include euthanasia, in the first paragraph, defense in the second paragraph, parliament in the third paragraph, un-proportionate in the fourth paragraph, forcibility, Switzerland, and foresee in paragraph six. The word â€Å"weather† is used in paragraphs two and four to imply â€Å"whether.† Unclear Phrases/Sentences and wrong punctuations The summery has some unclear phrases and sentences whose usage makes it d ifficult to understand the summery. A phrase like, â€Å"The applicants were really badly disabled,† is incorrect since it uses two adverbs to show the degree of disability. At most one adverb had to be used. A case like, â€Å"So what the Court had to decide was whether there was†¦,† is not clear in terms of whether the court was supposed to do so or it was exactly what the court did. The sentence should be, â€Å"The Court decided on whether there was†¦,† The summery has other related cases of poor sentence structures, and poor punctuations (Summary of R. V. Nicholson , 2013). Use of Law Language The summery depicts a court case but makes use of only a few words that create an impression of a court ruling. Instead of using words like â€Å"brought† to imply the case opening, the words, â€Å"†¦presented before the court†¦,† could have been used. The summery also avoids the use of court case word such as plaintiffs, defendants, accused, prosecutor, charge, and offense among others. Such worlds bring in a court mood. Again, there is no conclusion on the court ruling. The court only breaks the case into five offenses but there is no aspects like a conclusion on the charges placed on the offenders. Corrections to such mistakes would make the summery clear and more understandable. Case Summery of RV Nicholson The case was presented before the Court of Appeal on July 31, 2013 by Nicholson alongside other plaintiffs. This happened after a decision about assisted suicide case and euthanasia was made by the European Court of Justice. In the case, it was claimed that the applicants were completely disabled and thus they could hardly commit suicide without assistance. The case was ruled under Section 2 of the Suicide Act 2010, which says that it is unlawful to assist a person in committing suicide. Based on the Act, it was held that the accused (the assistants of the suicides) were guilty of murder. Again, the FPP provided orders on when the accused would be prosecuted. Such an advice was provided with respect to the Purdy v United Kingdom case of 2010. AC45. The court ruling was open for the accused to defend themselves by clarifying their defense side. The court wanted clarifications on whether there were any defense attempts by the disabled individuals. The court further held that the accused did not observe Article 8 of Human Rights Act 1950. This

Field Experience report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Field Experience report - Assignment Example Visiting Smithsonian Air and Space Museum may be a profitable affair to school boys and girls of different grades and in the process of studying a large number of subjects. In present days Smithsonian Air and Space Museum preserves a big number of showpieces, what have been mentioned above. To the quantity of these artifacts we may append â€Å"historic aircraft and space artifacts† and also â€Å"engines, rockets, uniforms, spacesuits, balloons, artwork, documents, manuscripts, and photographs† (Smithsonian Air and Space Museum, 2014). Any child while observing such variety of showpieces intended to visit this place one more time. It should be admitted that visiting Smithsonian Air and Space Museum will be rather useful and curious for the High School children that acquire the 8 Grade in their schools. The matter is that pupils have 13-14 years old in that time, and in such case they are able to percept the information and represented artifacts in serious dimension. Museum under investigation introduce artifacts that bear serious information, and smaller children may not understand all significance of presented ideas. It is the fact that cannot be claimed about pupils of the 8 Grade, as at that time they make first steps on the road of adult life. That is why my position represents the concept that visiting such serious place will be interesting and useful for High School children. The subject that is chosen is considered to be History. Smithsonian Air and Space Museum contains artifacts and documents that may provide a helping hand for students in the space of historical evidences. This museum represents â€Å"the collection of rare and historically significant aircraft and spacecrafts† that may seem to be useful and relevant materials for students who are interested in the history of USA (Smithsonian Air and Space Museum, 2014). Moreover, for those students who

Poverty and Social Stratification Essay Example for Free

Poverty and Social Stratification Essay Absolute poverty corresponds to the situation wherein the individual person cannot survive or live due to lack of basic needs or resources such as food, water, clothes, medicines and the likes. On the other hand, Relative Poverty is the situation wherein the person could not satisfy his personal wants but this does not imply that the person is not going to survive. Social Stratification simply denotes the systems of layers and/or divisions made in the society that shall reflect their relative poverty or wealth. It is not focus in the individual person but instead refer to a larger group of people. The different kinds of Social Stratification are class systems, caste system and slavery systems. Today a so-called Global Stratification exist that categorizes each country according to their economy, population and wealth or national income. The most industrialized countries relatively are the wealthiest, their economy are mostly capitalist. The industrializing or otherwise known as developing countries have much lower standard of living and income than the industrialized. The least industrialized countries are the most poverty stricken. It includes majority of the South East Asian, Latin America and most of Africa. Most analyst believes that the economic growth of a country lies on raising the social standing of women, because in most industrialized countries women are given equal opportunity like men while in the least industrialized countries women are commonly regarded to have lower social status and capabilities than men. Uplifting the standing of men in a society would generally increase the labor force. Educating women would create women who are as much competitive as that of men. This type of women would be able to compete with men in a capitalist setting. Only when there is an equal treatment between men and women could a society fruitfully developed. Otherwise, women would be stagnant part of the economic system. The more players there are in an economic system the faster is the economic progress since there are more participants. References Relative and Absolute Poverty. Retrieved on November 9, 2006. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://www. qvctc. commnet. edu/brian/soc/sld027. htm Global Social Stratification. Retrieved on November 9, 2007. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://72. 14. 253. 104/search? q=cache:jmq-xfTAm0UJ:www. ilstu. edu/~jeweinz/soc106/notes/ch7notes. doc+global+social+stratificationhl=tlct=clnkcd=1gl=ph

Implementing Guidelines for Pediatric Tonsillectomies

Implementing Guidelines for Pediatric Tonsillectomies Practice Paper: Implementing Quality Based Procedures  Guidelines for Pediatric Tonsillectomies at Credit Valley Hospital Kathryn DePass Trillium Health Partners, encompassing three sites- Credit Valley Hospital, Mississauga Hospital, and Queensway Health Centre, claims their hospitals are leading with outstanding performance, fiscal responsibility, and quality patient care (Trillium Health Partners, n.d.). With the emergence of the Health System Funding Reform in 2012, drastic changes were made to hospital funding. In particular, to promote innovative and evidenced-based practice, thirty percent of hospitals overall funding was allocated towards Quality Based Procedures (QBP) (Provincial Council for Maternal and Child Heath Ministry of Health and Long Term Care, 2013). QBPs are specific clusters of patient services that offer opportunities for healthcare providers to perform services based on best practice. It is suggested that when organizations adopt clinical evidenced-informed practices, quality patient care will flourish, while also increasing system efficiencies and decreasing costs (Ontario Health Association, 2013). One of the procedures covered under QBPs is Pediatric Tonsillectomy, with or without Adenoidectomy. The Quality-Based Procedures Clinical Handbook for Paediatric Tonsillectomy with and without Adenoidectomy (2013) articulates the specific evidence-based components of care that should be provided for these patients from pre- to post-operation. The Director of Women and Childrens Health indicates that practice variation, lack of standardization, lack of evidenced-based practices, and physician resistance all contribute to the organizations inability to enact QBP standards for this procedure since it was issued in 2014. Specifically, no standardized pre-screening tool exists to assess for complications prior to surgery. In particular, children are neither assessed nor properly diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) using a sleep study, the gold standard. This assessment, however, is vital since OSAS patients have a high risk of postoperative respiratory complications (Le ong Davis, 2007). On the day of surgery, it is not standard that patients receive a pre-operative acetaminophen loading dose for prophylactic pain management. Some anesthesiologists vocalize their discomfort with administering acetaminophen rectally, while others are not aware of the significant impact of this administration on post-operative pain management. The American Academy of Otolaryngology Clinical Practice Guideline for Tonsillectomy in Children states that rectal administration is better tolerated than oral administration and is the most effective in reducing pain and opioid requirements following surgery (Baugh et al, 2011). In addition, children with adequate acetaminophen analgesia have less post-operative nausea and vomiting. Both the Director and Educator of Pediatrics argue that physician resistance has been a significant barrier to implement QBP standards (Cathie Boudeau, personal communication, April 27, 2015). Nonetheless, both the surgical and pediatric nurses have disclosed that they look forward to changes that encourage standardization and quality patient care. The Educator has explained that she has already began drafting a post-operative standardized PPO form, which has, surprisingly, gained significant approval by physicians. Therefore, the Educator has requested the writer focus on standardizing the pre-operative experience. Currently, patients and families receive a Pre-Operative Information Sheet. The Educator has noted, however, that this form does not align with QBP advisement. In addition, families have vocalized that the sheet should be more comprehensive and visually appealing. In addition, a standardized pre-assessment form to screen for complications needs to drafted. Changing behaviour in regards to administration of pre-operative acetaminophen will also be considered in this project. The Quality-Based Procedures Clinical Handbook for Paediatric Tonsillectomy with and without Adenoidectomy (2013) will be used as the reference to create a Pre-Operative Information Sheet for families and patients, as well as a pre-assessment checklist to screen for complications. In order to encourage adoption of all new changes and to change behaviour, knowledge of change management is imperative. Therefore, a literature review was conducted to guide the implementation of this project. Inclusion criteria parameters for the literature search included the years 1995 to 2015. Search terms included organizational change, management of change, and change management. Databases used were MEDLINE, PubMed, and CINAHL. Many articles were retrieved (about 300 hits). The search was then narrowed to focus on health care and hospitals. Roughly 145 articles were reviewed. Empirical studies were assessed for clarity of methodology, peer review, and external evaluation. Finally, the number of articles was narrowed down to 45, which met the specific criteria for change management in health care. Change management literature draws from a wide range of disciplines, as well as theoretical and organizational perspectives, such as psychology, sociology, business policy, and social policy, creating a complex and robust body of evidence which is challenging to appraise and synthesize. Furthermore, the literature contains numerous and varying frameworks, models, evidence, and illustrations; that may describe, analyze, guide, approach, and test initiatives, programmes, and tools for change. There are no frameworks or models of change unique to healthcare organizations although several models are conducive to change efforts in these areas. Therefore, the literature that was reviewed focused on dominant change management models that are often applied to health care organizations. Furthermore, some models are used primarily for higher levels of leadership. For the purpose of this project, literature focusing on micro-level processes was selected. Case studies, surveys, and pilot studies are the most common methodologies in change management literature. While these methodologies are considered low on the evidence hierarchy, due to the limited ability to control subjects in healthcare, these methodologies do seem the most realistic and accessible means of implementing and evaluating change. Within the literature, one of the most influential perspectives of change management originates from the planned approach created by Lewin in 1951, which argues that change occurs in three progressive stages: unfreezing current behaviour, moving to the new behaviour, and refreezing the new behaviour (Elrod Tippett, 2002). For many years this three-step model has been the dominant approach to organizational change. Critics argue, however, that planned theories are based on the assumption that organizations act under constant conditions that can be controlled and planned for. As a consequence, an alternative approach, namely an emergent approach was developed. This approach considers change to occur so rapidly and unpredictably that it cannot be managed from the top down. Instead, it is argued that change is a process of learning, whereby the organization responds to both internal and external changes (Barnard Stoll, 2010). This approach speaks to the concepts of change readiness and facilitation of change which are viewed as superior to the planned approach with specific pre-planned steps for change initiatives (Todnem, 2005). Nonetheless, emergent approaches do suggest that a sequence of actions should be enacted to increase the likelihood of change being successful (Luecke, 2003). Emergent theories assume that in order to respond to change, managers of change have to have possess a in-depth understanding of the organization, its structures, strategies, people and culture. With this understanding, managers of change are able identify the most appropriate approach to change while recognizing possible facilitators and barriers (Burnes, 1996) The literature argues that while these two approaches are often cited to be polar opposites, it is important to note that they are theoretical approaches. Therefore, the best strategy for organizations to manage change is to utilize both these approaches, in the form of frameworks or models that best meets the particular needs of the organization (Burnes, 2004). When the variety of frameworks, models, and approaches to change management are applied to health care organizations, common trends emerge. These trends include environmental circumstances, organizational harmony, power dynamics, organizational capacity, nature of change, and process of change (Antwi Kale, 2014). Environmental circumstances include the external conditions to the organization that forces change, such as increased competition and technological innovation (Lau, 1999). Organizational harmony illustrates an agreement among individuals and units within the organization. All members should have congruent missions and visions and be working collaboratively towards the same goal. Further, overall organizational plans, processes, and goals should also be compatible (Antwi Kale, 2014). Power dynamics refers to the hierarchy of influence within an organization. Understanding which individuals can influence the change process is important. Change leaders should have buy-in from these individuals before undertaking a change initiative; this will increase likelihood for success (Mitchell, 2013). Organizational capacity indicates that the organization has the necessary human and financial resources to undergo change. Moreover, it is essential that the necessary skill sets and knowledge be present to allow change to occur (Bazzoli, Dynan, Burns, Yap, 2004). Nature of change refers to the rationale behind a change initiative. Change initiatives must consider an organizations external and internal situation. Furthermore, ample evidence must be available to justify that a proposed plan for change has the ability to solve a presented problem (Antwi Kale, 2014). Finally, process for change is the actual step-by-step approach to implement a change. Change leaders must make certain that these steps are agreed upon by all stakeholders and evidenced to create the desired change (Antwi Kale, 2014). The Canadian Health Services Research Foundation (CHSRF)s Evidence Informed Change Management Approach was chosen to be the main model to guide the project as it contains all of the mentioned concepts. In addition, it is structured around specifically targeting the needs of Canadian healthcare organizations and outlines change as it pertains to micro level contexts. The approach presents a practical model for change management and contains four stages: planning, implementing, spreading, and sustaining change (CHSRF, 2012). The planning stage of change involves understanding the context and influential forces of change while determining the organization ability or readiness to change. To understand the context, change managers must determine which steps and people need to be involved to implement change and garner support. Readiness and capacity for change is determined by assessing all individuals at any level of the organization and considering how they will be affected by the chang e. Furthermore, the capacity for the organization, for example, financially, to undergo change, needs to assessed. After the planning stage, change agents can implement change by executing their planned approach. Spreading change entails promoting change beyond its initial context and influencing the culture to introduce new customs, traditions, and ways of practicing. Lastly, sustaining change entails surveying and modifying the change process as practical experience is gained over the course of implementation. The literature also emphasizes that the key to successful change management is strong leadership. Gill (2002) explains that effective change leaders are able to frame the change in terms of results for all involved. Further, change leaders foster and create environments that allow people to experiment with new ways of practicing. This coincides with the Leadership Competency from the Canadian Nurses Associations Advanced Nursing Practice National Framework (2008). Learning about a patients experience and collaborating with other interprofessional disciplines assisted in identifying gaps in care, specifically the lack of adoption of QBP standards for Pediatric Tonsillectomies, resulting in practice that is not evidence-based and negatively impacts patient care delivery. In addition, while changing practice has been attempted in the past, the application of knowledge learned from the competition of a literature review on change management and discovery of an influential model on change , the writer can be successful in enacting a new and effective means of practicing, ultimately improving patient care. Also, the specific nature of this projects focus, to ensure QBP standards are followed, which promotes advocating for system efficiency, quality patient care, and low cost, aligns with the leadership competency of understanding and integrating the principles of resource allocation and cost-effectiveness in all levels of decision-making (CNA, 2008). Literature on change management is diverse and robust, with applicability to health care organizations. In this literature, it is apparent that in order to manage change specifically in healthcare, a model or approach needs to be selected to address an organizations specific needs and current issues. Understanding the organization as a whole and the people within it is an imperative and first step in planning change. Collaborative work among change managers and targets of change will ensure readiness for change, ease of implementation, and sustainability (World Health Organization, 2010). In addition, strong leadership is a significant component of organizational change, laying the foundation to support the change through its continuum. Utilizing these concepts and knowledge will be imperative in guiding the implementation of QBP Standards for Pediatric Tonsillectomies with and without Adenoidectomies at Credit Valley Hospital. References Antwi, M. Kale, M. (2014). Change Management in Healthcare. Queens School of Business.  Retrieved from http://business.queensu.ca Barnard, M. Stoll, N. (2010). Organizational Change Management: A rapid literature review. Centre for Understanding Behavioural Change. Retrieved from http://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/cubec/migrated/documents/pr1.pdf Bazzoli, G., Dynan, L., Burns, L. Yap, C. (2004). Two Decades of Organizational Change in Health Care: What Have we Learned? Medical Care Research and Review, 61(3). doi: 10.1177/1077558704266818 Baugh, R., Archer, S., Mitchell, R., Rosenfeld, R., Amin, R., Burns, J., Patel, M. (2011). Clinical practice guideline: Tonsillectomy in children. Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, 144(1),p 30. Burnes, B. (2004). Emergency change and planned change- competitors or allies? The case of XYZ construction. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 24(9), p 886-902 Burnes, B. (1996) No such thing as a â€Å"one best way† to manage organizational change. Management Decision, 34(10), p 11-18 Canadian Health Services Research Foundation. (2012). Evidence-Informed Change Management in Canadian Healthcare Organizations. Retrieved from http://www.cfhi fcass.ca/Libraries/Commissioned_Research_Reports/Dickson-EN.sflb.ashx Canadian Nurses Association. (2008). Advanced Nursing Practice: A National Framework. Ottawa, Canada : Canadian Nurses Association Elrod, P. Tippett, D. (2002). The death valley of change. Journal of Organizational Change  Management, 3. p 273-291 Gill, R. (2002) Change management- or change leadership? Journal of change management,  3(4), p 307- 318. Lau, A. (1999). Making sense of contemporary strategic implementation: towards a conceptual  model. Public Administration Management, 4(4), p 494-507 Leong, A., Davis, J. (2007). Morbidity after adenotonsillectomy for paediatric obstructive  sleep apnea syndrome: waking up to a pragmatic approach. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 121, 809-817 Luecke, R. (2003). Managing Change and Transition . Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press  Mitchell, G. (2013). Selecting the best theory to implement planned change. Nursing  Management, 20(1). Ontario Hospital Association. (2004). Toolkit to Support the Implementation of Quality-Based  Procedures. Retrieved from https://www.oha.com/KnowledgeCentre/Library/Toolkits/Documents/OHA_QBProcedur es_toolkit_FNL.pdf Provincial Council for Maternal and Child Heath Ministry of Health and Long Term Care. (2013). Quality-Based Procedures Clinical Handbook for Paediatric Tonsillectomy with and without Adenoidectomy. Retrieved from www.health.gov.on.ca/en/pro/programs/ecfa/docs/qbp_tonsil.pdf Todnem, R. (2005). Organizational Change Management: A Critical Review. Journal of Change Management,5(4), p 369-380. Trillium Health Partners. (n.d.). Who We Are. Retrieved from  http://trilliumhealthpartners.ca/aboutus/Pages/Overview.aspx World Health Organization (2010). Framework for action on interprofessional education and  collaborative practice. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.  http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2010/WHO_HRH_HPN_10.3_eng.pdf

Making Moral Decisions: The Synergistic-Reflective-Equilibrium Model :: Philosophy

Making Moral Decisions: The Synergistic-Reflective-Equilibrium Model ABSTRACT: This treatise is a contribution towards the understanding of why humankind cannot agree on the foundation of morality and why moral pluralism is the logical constitution of moral reality. The synergistic-reflective-equilibrium model is the model that will describe how persons can make moral decisions as pluralistic agents. If this model is correct, then it will not be a new discovery, rather, it will be a new description of how pluralistic agents do in fact make moral decisions. This synergistic-reflective-equilibrium description should then be useful not only in giving a fuller understanding of how moral decisions ought to be made, but also how moral philosophy can be united into a pluralistic collective whole. The first part of this paper defines the synergistic-reflective-equilibrium mode. It briefly explains how it is a combination of both the theory model of moral decision-making and the intuition model of moral decision-making. The second part of this paper defines mi d-level principles and explains how they are a natural development of the synergistic-reflective-equilibrium method. It will then be shown that both Mill and Kant used this method in their own moral theories. Lastly, it will be shown how "weighing and balancing" and "specification" are integral components in this model and were also practiced by Mill and Kant in their moral systems. Introduction This treatise is a contribution towards the understanding of why humankind cannot agree on the foundation of morality and why moral pluralism is the logical constitution of moral reality. The synergistic-reflective-equilibrium model is the model that will describe how persons can make moral decisions as pluralistic agents. If this model is correct, then it will not be a new discovery, rather, it will be a new description of how pluralistic agents do in fact make moral decisions. This synergistic-reflective-equilibrium description should then be useful not only in giving a fuller understanding of how moral decisions ought to be made, but also how moral philosophy can be united into a pluralistic collective whole. I. The Synergistic-Reflective-Equilibrium Model The synergistic-reflective-equilibrium model is the position in which the justification of what is right or wrong is done by using neither a pure theory model, nor a pure intuition model. The synergistic-reflective-equilibrium model is a back-and-forth process—starting with particulars and going to the general and back to the particulars and so on and so forth. This is a constant process that never really comes to closure as new decisions are constantly having to be made.

President Bill Clinton Essay -- William Jefferson Clinton Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While it’s practically impossible to write a research paper without referring to the scandalous side of President Bill Clinton, this research will also spotlight how excellent Bill Clinton was as a president and present interesting facts about his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On August 19, 1946, William Jefferson Blythe IV began his life in Hope, Arkansas. His mother was still mourning over the loss of her beloved husband who died only three months earlier in a tragic car accident. Four years later, in hopes of a better life, Virginia remarried to Roger Clinton. But as a raging alcoholic, Roger became violent with Bill and his mother. At age 14, young William had enough of the abuse. He finally stood up to his stepfather and the cruelty ceased. After gaining the respect of his father figure, Bill decided to take the last name of Clinton.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clinton’s high school years were just as all teenagers desire. He was a popular guy with lots of friends and even then: a drive for success. Bill’s devotion to playing saxophone led him to consider a life as a professional musician. But after the opportunity to meet president JFK at the White House Rose Garden during his senior year, Bill’s previous musician dreams did a 180.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If it hasn’t already been assumed, Clinton decided this early in life that he would dedicate himself to a life of campaign and politics. He also knew that if he wanted to succeed, he must go about it the correct way. Bill graduated with honors from Yale in 1973 and received his degree in law. The next step was getting into the field of politics in Arkansas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For those of you who have ever tried to enter the political race, it is obvious as to what Clinton was in for. He was devastated after being defeated in 1974 for Congress Campaign for Arkansas’ 3rd district. But the powers of devastation were no match for Clinton’s persistence. Merely three years later, Bill Clinton was elated to be elected Arkansas Attorney General in 1976. This gave him just the confidence boost he needed. In ’78, Clinton was sitting high as governor of Arkansas. At 32 years old, Clinton became the nation’s youngest governor. He failed to be re-elected for a second term, but buckled down to become governor once more four years later. He easily went on to win re-election three more times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the midst of all this political excitement, Bill was falling deeply in love. H... ...ountries. It is possible for him to make up to $300,000 per speech. Once he straightened all of that out, Mr. Clinton allowed himself to focus on more enjoyable things. For example, he loves to travel, and does so often to see his daughter Chelsea at Oxford University. And naturally, he loves to golf: the most enjoyed sport of middle aged men, surely. It is also not rare to see Bill with a few of his buddies. Jack Nicholson, Kevin Spacey, and Anthony Hopkins are among his acquaintances. Along with his leisurely activities, he runs an active legal office in Harlem. Politics still play a major role in his life. He recently stated that â€Å"I hope within five years to be in public service full time.† Drawing a conclusion is not a difficult task, as most people feel similarly about President Clinton. Sure, he was probably the United States’ most immoral president ever, but there’s no denying he was an outstanding president. Bill took care of foreign affairs with ease, carefully examined things before making rash decisions, and was very goal oriented. He is even ranked 5th in terms of his economic management. He must have been popular considering that he was elected to a second term.

Autistic

A.) Autism is prevalent in the United States. The disorder is probably most famous for the cognitive greatness that is entirely unique to this kind of disorder. However, this is only an inherent in autistic savants, which is a much rarer form of autism. Autistic savants often have incredible abilities in the mathematics and science fields. For example, an autistic savant named Temple Grandin built her own machine to help her cope with her avoidance of human contact. Besides unique intelligence, autistic individuals are virtually emotionless and often have trouble forming attachments to others. Social interaction abnormalities preclude the formation of relationships partly because a simple touch – hug, pat, handshake – are rejected because of hyper arousal. Autistic children cannot stand to be touched; a simple hug from a parent or friend might send the child into a screaming fit. B.) As a parent of a child with autism, the worst part of the illness would be the inability to hug the child. Parents can never kiss or hug their children, which is an essential part of showing affection and love. Also, the intellectual incapacities of autism are devastating. C.) In the research study conducted by John Ratey in his book A User’s Guide to the Brain, Ratey found that autistic individuals are actually the key to scientific and mathematical progress. His studies are based on the progress of Temple Grandin, who was successful in measuring her own social abnormalities and building machines to teach herself how to interact ‘normally’ with others. D.) I enjoyed the doctor’s article. After reading about Temple’s charting and statistical readings and the production on her own ‘hugging’ machine so she could practice being hugged again, the progress of science and mathematics can indeed be greatly helped by autistic savants. E.) How long will it be before Temple Grandin’s machines are mass produced to help all autistic children? Can autism be avoided in the future through genetic engineering technology? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder A.) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is becoming more prevalent amongst children adolescents in each passing year. Intellectually this disorder has no influence upon perception or cognitive functions directly. However, the inability to sit still or focus on an assignment or a book can hinder progress in different academic subjects. Socially, ADHD sufferers are usually overly-talkative and constantly moving around – pacing, making broad, abnormal gestures while speaking, etc.. As a result, awkwardness, incessant loquacity, and hyper behavior can cause deter others. Emotionally, it is difficult for affected individuals to form long-lasting relationships because of the aforementioned social difficulties. B.) As a parent, the most difficult aspect of this illness would be watching the child struggle with his studies. Frustration is common in ADHD children because they are usually interested in several things at once, making it nearly impossible to concentrate. Of course, there are pharmaceuticals that can lessen these symptoms – the most famous being Ritalin. Medicinal treatment is very successful, but it can also be quite devastating to the parent to realize his child is going to have to take pills to function properly for the entirety of his life. Bibliography Ratey, John J.. A User’s Guide to the Brain. New York: Pantheon Books. 2001 Steward, Herbert. Mental Illnesses and the Future of Medicine. New York: Pocket Books. 2004 Â  

History of Theater: 1890 – 1920

â€Å"Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player, that struts and frets his hour upon the stage and then is heard no more; it is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. † – William Shakespeare The theatre has been a part of entertainment since ancient Greece, around 4th century BC or thereabouts. The theatre grew out of festivals in honor of the god Dionysus. Aeschylus created the first play in her honor. The first Greek plays were all tragedies but eventually comedy made its way and these plays were performed at festivals all over Greece.Through the centuries theater played the main role of entertainment from noble and royalty to the common person in any city or village, and as we move into the twenties century, theater was still a huge part of the entertainment for the masses. At the start of the 20th Century, America was in full glory of its cultural adolescence, bursting with energy. London was still the theatrical center of the world, b ut New York was gaining its own form of sophistication and acknowledgement. By 1900 most of the signs on Broadway had gone electric, and New York City’s famous theater district soon became know as â€Å"The Great White Way. It was known as the Mecca of the American theatrical world: the rest of the country was referred to by people in show business as â€Å"the road. † In 1904, the city opened its first underground subway system, and thanks to this system, tens of thousands living far from the theatre district could catch a Broadway show and still be home the same evening. With this increase of commuters and the ever growing number of tourist to New York, Broadway theatres’ audiences more than tripled in less that one year. Thus the productions had longer running times than ever before.At this time the majority of Broadway shows came from London, with English actors, producers, and directors. Then in 1903, Frank L. Baum’s children’s novel The Wiza rd of Oz was the first-ever all American musical to be performed on Broadway. The story of Dorothy and her pet cow Imogene (the cow was easier to see from the balcony than a small dog named Toto) took audiences to a magical land call Oz. The production included lavish costumes and fantastic fantasy sets and a state-of-the-art cyclone. This production had several hit songs but due to the fantastic MGM’s 1939 film, these songs faded from the general public’s memory.After a very long run on Broadway, The Wizard of Oz enjoyed a long running national tour, and thanks to the improvements of the railway system, the show was able to take a full scale Broadway production set and costumes on the road. By 1904 it is believed that over 400 different shows where touring the United States with full Broadway production values. The only snag in some of these performances is having theaters in different cities that are able to hold such a production. With this need, the boom of grand t heaters around the country began. Many of these theatres are still in operation today.As the theatre business was booming, the need for new shows was increasing the opportunity for new playwrights were wide open. People like George M. Cohan, Victor Herbert, and Florenz Ziegfeld stepped up to the call. George M. Cohan was a writer, director, choreographer, and producer and stared in several of his own shows. He was famous for his jingoistic musical comedies that celebrated the triumph of the American know-how and New York style street smarts. Though most of his productions had short runs on Broadway, the musicals that toured the United States were met by packed houses several years.His most memorable hit was Little Johnny Jones, where Cohan played an American jockey who loses the English Derby, clears himself of false charges that he threw the race, and wins the girl he loves. The songs â€Å"Yankee Doodle Dandy† and â€Å"Give My Regards to Broadway† from this show mad e Cohan a nationwide household name. Cohn’s pro-American shows had little appeal outside the United States and are perhaps too simplistic to be revived in their original version, but his songs are still familiar today, including the wartime hit â€Å"Over There. Cohn is most famous for his curtain call speeches where he always ended with the statement â€Å"My mother thanks you, my father thanks you, my sister thanks you, and I assure you, I thank you. † One of Broadway’s most respected composers at the start of the 20th Century was Victory Herbert, a classically trained musician who turned out musicals that were considered much more sophisticated than Cohan’s but equally as popular. Though trained in Europe, his scores had a distinctly American sound.He was the first American songwriter to successfully insist that no changes be made to his scores without his permission. His musicals involved simple American goodness triumphing over Old World ways. He is known for his musical Babes in Toyland that is best remembered for its title song â€Å"March of the Toys. † Trying to copy the success of The Wizard of Oz, Hebert’s fantasy had a far better score and continued to be revived until the mid 1940s. Naughty Marietta was a production about a French noblewoman who leaves her husband for an American Solder and moves to New Orleans.The score included the hit song â€Å"Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life† and was designed for operatic voices. It is one of the few Herbert musicals still performed today. When it comes to show stoppers on Broadway, Florenz Ziegfeld was known as the Ultimate Broadway Showman. Boasting his own theatre, Ziegfeld showcased glamorous Parisian reviews that used skits and song to spook the social and political â€Å"follies† of the day. Thus the Ziegfeld Follies were born. The productions included over the top sets, extravagant costumes and â€Å"The Ziegfeld Girls,† a chorus of attractive f emales.Out of consideration for the sensibilities of theatergoers, the tone of his productions was sexy but never trashy. Ziegfeld considered thirteen his lucky number and thus gave his revue the thirteen letter name Follies of the Day taken from the title of a popular newspaper column penned by librettist Harry B. Smith, who Ziegfeld hired to write the libretto. By 1900, there were currently thirty-three legitimate Broadway theatres, and many more would be built over the next couple of decades to meet the demand of the growing audiences.The productions included those of drama, comedy and musicals, but legitimate theatre was not the only theatrical entertainment of this time. During this time a large group of entertainers travels from one small theater to the next, entertaining thousands with their simple song and dance, mini-comical skits, and different acts of entertainment. These people were known as Vaudevillians and their theatre circuit was known as Vaudeville. Vaudeville was a theatrical paradigm in the United States and Canada from the early 1880s until the early 1930s.Each performance consisted of separate, unrelated acts grouped together on a common bill. Types of acts included popular and classical musicians, dancers, comedians, trained animals, magicians, female and male impersonators, acrobats, illustrated songs, jugglers, one-act plays or scenes from plays, athletes, lecturing celebrities, minstrels, and movies. Vaudeville developed from many sources, including the concert saloon, minstrelsy, freak shows, dime museums, and literary burlesque. Called â€Å"the heart of American show business,† vaudeville was one of the most popular types of ntertainment in North America for several decades until the start of the movie age. Vaudeville original started in the mid 1850s but thanks to the increase of number of theaters and improvement of transportation via railway, the popularity grew in the late 19th century into the early 20th century. Vaudev ille opened the door of entertainment to thousands who had some form of special act. It was also one of the few avenues that opened for African-American mobility in a white world. African-American musicians achieved financial success while carving their niche for future artist.One of the most famous African-American acts was that of Bert Williams and George Walker, a ragtime song and dance team that toured the Vaudeville theaters with Williams playing a well-dressed conniver and Walker as a limbering stooge. Harry Houdini, the famous escape artist was a very popular entertainer in the early 1900s. After a tour in Europe he came back to America with thunderous applause and recognition. Houdini was able to perform his difficult feats by remaining in excellent physical and mental condition. He pushed himself relentlessly.To develop his capacity for holding his breath, Houdini installed an oversize bathtub in his house so that he could practice regularly. Through extensive training, he was able use his left hand nearly as well as his right. While casually chatting with friends, he would perform card and coin tricks without looking at his hands, or tie and untie knots in pieces of rope with his feet. Determined to stay on top of the entertainment field, Houdini refined techniques he had already mastered and continually developed new and more daring escapes.Though known to be friendly and warm, Houdini had a large ego, could be touchy and petty at times, and frequently displayed a volatile tempter to his assistants. One of the most fascinating acts that I found in my research was that of Evelyn Nesbit. In 1893 Nesbit started her career as an artist model in Pittsburg, PA. In 1901 Nesbit, age 16, with her mother moved to New Your City were Nesbit modeling career grew to such a point that she was one of the highest paid artist and photography models in New York.At the time she was being paid $5 for half a day and $10 for a full day of work. During this time Nesbit was also performing as a chorus girl on Broadway. Nesbit’s real story stated when her husband, Harry Thaw shot her lover, Stanley White on the night of June 26, 1906. Thaw knew that Nesbit has been seeing White for years even before their marriage. On the night of the 25th, at the production of â€Å"Mam’zelle Champagne† at the dining theater on the roof of Madison Square Gardens, Thaw saw White sitting several seats away from him and Nesbit.He calmly got out of his seat, walked over to White, pulled out a revolver and shot White three times in the face. The incident became known and â€Å"The Crime of The Century. † Thaw was tried and committee to life on an insanity plea. Thaw’s mother offered Nesbit a huge some of money if she would divorce her son before the conclusion of the trial. Nesbit did but never received any of the money; but Nesbit’s popularity soared, and from this she created an acts known as â€Å"The Girl on the Velvet Swingâ €  where all she did was sit on a sing in the middle of the stage and tell her tragic story.Nesbit’s act lasted for a few years, but as most stories, once you’ve heard it once or twice, interests started going astray. She eventually tried her hand at movies with little success. In 1926 she gave an interview to the New York Times about her dramatic life story which she eventually published as a memoir. The list of famous Vaudeville acts is endless, and many of these actors and entertainers took their talents west to Hollywood to become movie starts. One of these most successful stories of this is that act of Abbott and Costello.Starting in the early 1920s, the act of Lou Abbott and Bud Costello was known for the quick one liners and fast repartee. Most famous for their â€Å"Who’s on First† routine, Abbott and Costello’s acts moved from stage to radio to movies, becoming one of the most famous dues in American entertainment. As we look back at th eatre in the early 1900s we see the birth of a new age, one of theatre productions written, produced and directed by Americans, with American themes. Theatre changed as the times changed.It gave to the people what the people wanted and what they needed. From the large Broadway productions to the simple song and dance routines of Vaudeville, theatre was one of the main source of entertainment; allowing people to escape from their everyday world into a world of song, laughter and enjoyment. From the hearts of the actors and entertainers to the hearts of the theatergoer, life on a stage is one of true imagination and continues to allow us to go to that place where our true selves can wander, wonder and enjoy.

Alcohol Prohibition In 1920s History Essay

Alcohol Prohibition In 1920s History Essay Women, the driving factor in prohibition, believed that prohibition would make alcohol’s presence in society go away this would resolve the majority of societal issues.. The prohibition movement only made the alcohol problem worse by increasing the percentage of alcohol in one drink, due to the new group of people it created. This group was coined with the name moonshiners or bootleggers, and these people were in the very profitable business of producing alcohol illegally. Not only did they make alcohol illegally, but the alcohol that they did make was a lot more potent than the alcohol that was sold prior to prohibition. They could not transport beer, or even wine very easily because of the sheer volume that it would take to intoxicate a person. Moonshiners had to resort to something that would be more profitable and easier to transport. â€Å"Well, one of the things that happen when you outlaw any product is that the product returns underground. Correct? But it returns und erground in a more concentrated form. And the problem with beer is it’s very difficult to hide. So, in most parts of the United States, beer actually was not available during Prohibition. Instead, you had to substitute bathtub gin.†(See Appendix 3) Alcohol sold before 1920 was usually low proof, but when moonshine came about it was up to 190 proof , or 95% alcohol. The picture â€Å"Still Diagram† shows a diagram of how moonshiners built their valuable stills that could produce very high proof alcohol. (See Appendix 1) This was something that women did not think about. They just believed that they alcohol would go away, not be transferred into a different more potent form. People would get a lot drunker a lot faster only making worse the problem that women saw before. This alone made prohibition a complete failure. Seeing that moonshine was illegal, this turned many citizens, who used to be good law abiding citizens, into criminals. These citizens were people who held respectable jobs, and were very capable members of society, and not just people who were the stereotypical criminals. With more people breaking laws, and a new underground business, this led to the ever rising crime rate, leaving the police outnumbered. â€Å"The most successful gangs became ever larger and more organized. With the money made from liquor they were able to branch out into a variety of other criminal enterprises, and eventually they used the money to take over legitimate business. The structure of what we now call organized crime was born during prohibition.† (Cohen 49) It was very hard for authorities to keep up with something so new that they had never had to combat before. What started out as a good idea was falling apart day by day. â€Å"The demand for alcohol was outweighing (and out-winning) the demand for sobriety.† (National Archives) This became such a profitable business that in most cases the ends would justify the means. After all, thi s was a tax free business, and the money that was coming into bootleggers from selling their moonshine was more that most of them have seen in their entire life. Women did not approve of this at all. This was not what they had intended when they posed the idea of prohibition. Creating more problems in a society that they had already deemed as corrupt was the last thing they want to do, but they did not realize their ideology was just fueling the issues they felt that were already bad enough in their society.

Community Health of Kansas City, Missouri - The Nurses Role within an Research Paper

Community Health of Kansas City, Missouri - The Nurses Role within an Inner City School District - Research Paper Example However, much of these efforts would go in vain if good health practices were not indulged in the curriculum of educational institutions. Our environment is no longer the same, even compared to that in the 20th century, and so are the human practices. Looking at the current world’s student population, millions of bright brains and inventive individuals are represented. Taking this into account, measures have been set up to ensure that all students are given nothing but the best by the society in which they live and learn. This study will only focus on the need for a school nurse in Public Schools to educate and promote African-American students on health issues that have become rampant in our lives, as will be explicitly discussed in this paper. The main reason of coming up with this study was driven by the fact that in the 21st century the education of a number of children, i.e. African-American students, is compromised by conditions and behavior patterns that undermine their physical and emotional well-being, hence, making learning within the framework of the current system of education quite difficult. Therefore, education policy-makers and teachers have embraced health promotional activities to reach their goal of inspiring students. As a result of this, schools have become both centers of learning and supportive venues for the provision of essential health education and services (UNESCO, 2001). Implementation Strategies To ensure implementation of healthy lifestyle and learning-friendly environment in the institutions, various departments concerned with the management of public schools can take note of the following: i. Initiating healthy public schools’ policy: this would involve making health a major factor to consider within the framework of all policies and legislation of schools because they all influence health in one way or another. ii. Creation of supportive environments: all members of the public schools have responsibility to do the ir best to create safe surrounding; coming up with safe, satisfying and healthy living and learning conditions; and giving support to health lifestyles. iii. Developing personal skills: supporting individual and learners’ development; and providing necessary information, education and improving life skills. iv. Strengthening students’ action: this would involve empowering the school fraternity, ensuring learners participation, and providing full and easy access to health related information. v. Re-orienting health services: this strategy would broaden the roles of health services from being authoritative and individual-based to shared responsibility and partnership for health, emphasizing on preventive rather than clinical and curative measures. 1. Healthy Lifestyle and Prevention of Diabetes Type 2 Good basic education outcome is only achievable through good health and nutrition as the essential input factors. All learners have to be healthy and well-nourished to be a ble to effectively participate in the learning process. In support of this initiative, the International agencies, i.e. WHO, UNESCO, World Bank and UNICEF, come up with approaches that would ensure healthy environment for students. FRESH (Focusing Resources on Effective School Health) was a bright example of the strategy already launched by

Accounting Information Systems and Control Issues Essay

Accounting Information Systems and Control Issues - Essay Example A Control Manager warrants efficient and effective exploitation of resources in an organisation so that the planned goals are achieved. It seeks to measure the divergence of actual productivity from the benchmark performance and analyses the causes of the divergence if any and renders measures to take corrective actions. Controlling has several features: As dynamic in nature, it enhances the coordination of activities taking place in an organisation and helps in the process of planning. Internal control In the context of accounting and finance, internal control relates to a process by which the structure, the flow of task and authority, the people and the management information systems are designed in a manner so as to help an organization achieve definite goals and objectives. By this operation an organization directs monitors and measures its resources. Control plays a significant part in checking and identifying fraud and defending both physical resources like land and machinery a nd intangible resources like goodwill or intellectual property (Trenerry, p.126). The objectives of internal control in an organisation would mean delivery of reliable financial reporting, opportune feedback when operational goals are achieved and conformity with rules and regulations. At the level of a specific functional department, internal control, also referred to as operational control, refers to the means by which definite objectives are achieved. For example, all the transactions that are taking place between the company and the suppliers are should be accounted for. Internal Control system is implemented over Financial Reporting to ensure accounting statements are accurate so that the financial statements are reliable (Harrer, p.2). Revenue Control Issues in FoodRUs FoodRUs, a countrywide chain of wholesale depot, supplies to the small to medium scale shops and catering businesses. The credit terms with its customers is that if a customer has good credit records then they c an buy on account. Else they are to pay 100 % cash before taking delivery of their merchandise. The company also has an online portal through which they sell their products. The main control problem that